Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
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Questions and Answers

Match the following figures with their primary contributions or significance:

Ignatius of Loyola = Founded the Jesuits and wrote Spiritual Exercises Bartolome de las Casas = Advocated for the rights of indigenous peoples Abd al-Wahhab = Reformed Islamic practices and rejected idolatry Ibn Saud = Established a religious-political state in the Arabian Peninsula

Match the following movements or events with their descriptions:

Taqi Onqoy = Indigenous resistance movement in 16th-century Peru Pueblo Revolt = Uprising against Spanish colonial rule in New Mexico Tupac Amaru Revolt = Revolt against oppressive labor systems in Peru Thirty Years' War = Conflict between Catholic and Protestant states in Europe

Match the following treaties or acts with their impact or outcome:

Treaty of Westphalia = Established state sovereignty and religious choices Edict of Nantes = Granted limited rights to French Huguenots New Laws of 1542 = Sought to protect indigenous peoples in Spanish colonies St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre = Religious conflict leading to Huguenot persecution

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Wahhabism = Conservative Sunni movement emphasizing early Islamic teachings Tawhid = Central monotheistic concept in Islam Dancing sickness = Quechua term for Taqi Onqoy Indigenous grievances = Complaints from native peoples against colonial exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical figures with their nationality:

<p>Jesuits = Spanish Huguenots = French Tupac Amaru II = Peruvian Abd al-Wahhab = Saudi Arabian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following uprisings with their leaders:

<p>Pueblo Revolt = Popé Taqi Onqoy = Indigenous leaders in Peru Tupac Amaru Revolt = Tupac Amaru II Thirty Years' War = Ferdinand II and other monarchs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their time periods:

<p>Pueblo Revolt = 1680 Thirty Years' War = 1618-1648 Tupac Amaru Revolt = 1780-1781 Edict of Nantes = 1598</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their related events:

<p>Spanish Colonization = Bartolome de las Casas' advocacy Protestant Reformation = Thirty Years' War Indigenous Resistance = Taqi Onqoy Islamic Reform = Abd al-Wahhab's teachings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their beliefs or practices:

<p>Huguenots = French Calvinists facing persecution Jesuits = Educators and missionaries spreading Catholicism Wahhabis = Opponents of Sufi rituals and shrine worship Spanish Colonial Authorities = Enforcers of labor systems in the New World</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their contributions or beliefs:

<p>Martin Luther = Criticized the selling of indulgences John Calvin = Developed the concept of predestination Council of Trent = Defined Church doctrines and reformed practices The Society of Jesus = Contributed significantly to the Counter-Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theologian with their associated theological works or ideas:

<p>Martin Luther = 95 Theses John Calvin = Institutes of the Christian Religion Council of Trent = Condemnation of Protestant ideas The Society of Jesus = Education and missionary work</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following movements or organizations with their goals:

<p>Protestant Reformation = Emphasized scripture and rejected papal authority Counter-Reformation = Revived Catholicism and affirmed traditional doctrines Council of Trent = Standardized the Mass and reaffirmed the Vulgate The Society of Jesus = Combat against Protestantism and promote education</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their Key figures:

<p>Martin Luther = German monk and theologian John Calvin = French theologian and pastor Ignatius of Loyola = Founder of the Jesuits Huldrych Zwingli = Influential figure in the Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following beliefs with their originators or proponents:

<p>Predestination = John Calvin Justification by faith = Martin Luther Transubstantiation = Catholic doctrine reaffirmed during the Counter-Reformation Sovereignty of God = John Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their consequences:

<p>Luther’s 95 Theses = Initiation of the Protestant Reformation Counter-Reformation = Strengthened the role of the Inquisition Council of Trent = Reformed Church practices The rise of Protestant states = Permanent changes to European society</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following movements with their geographic impacts:

<p>Protestant Reformation = Switzerland and Scotland Counter-Reformation = Southern Europe and the colonies Calvinism = Influence in France and the Netherlands Lutheranism = Spread through German states</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ideas with their significance:

<p>Sola Scriptura = Scripture over Church tradition Vernacular worship = Accessibility of services to laypeople Critical view of indulgences = Catalyst for reform movements Role of printing press = Spread Reformation ideas rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation

  • Martin Luther, a German monk, launched the Protestant Reformation in 1517, criticizing the Catholic Church's indulgences and challenging papal authority. Luther emphasized justification by faith alone, scripture over tradition, and the priesthood of all believers.
  • John Calvin built on Luther's ideas, developing Calvinism, emphasizing God's sovereignty, predestination, and a disciplined life. Calvin's teachings spread widely in various regions.
  • The Protestant Reformation was a major religious and political upheaval in 16th-century Europe, fragmenting the Catholic Church and introducing Protestant denominations. Key figures included Martin Luther and John Calvin.
  • The Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation, aimed to respond to the Protestant Reformation. It involved internal reforms, like combating corruption and promoting education, and reaffirmed Catholic doctrines.
  • The Council of Trent (1545–1563), a series of Catholic Church meetings, clarified Catholic doctrines, condemned Protestant ideas, and introduced reforms in areas like priestly training and the selling of indulgences.

Religious and Political Movements in the Americas and Europe

  • The Society of Jesus (Jesuits), founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, played a crucial role in the Counter-Reformation. They focused on education, missionary work, and opposing Protestantism.
  • Taqi Onqoy was an indigenous resistance movement in 16th-century Peru, combining religious beliefs with anti-colonial sentiment.
  • The Pueblo Revolt (1680) saw Pueblo peoples in present-day New Mexico revolt against Spanish rule, expelling the Spanish for over a decade.
  • The Tupac Amaru Revolt (1780-1781) in colonial Peru, led by Tupac Amaru II, was fueled by indigenous grievances against oppressive labor systems.
  • French Huguenots, French Calvinists, endured persecution from the Catholic monarchy, experiencing conflicts like the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre before gaining limited rights.

Conflicts and Treaties

  • The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), initially a conflict between Catholic and Protestant states, developed into a wider European political struggle involving major powers like France, Spain, and Sweden. It brought significant devastation across Europe.
  • The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and established the concept of state sovereignty. It allowed rulers to choose their state's religion (Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism), marking the dawn of modern international relations.

Reformers and Movements

  • Bartolomé de las Casas, a Spanish priest, championed indigenous rights and condemned Spanish colonization's brutal treatment of native populations.
  • Abd al-Wahhab, an 18th-century Islamic reformer, advocated for a return to early Islamic practices, rejecting innovations and idolatry. He allied with Ibn Saud.
  • Wahhabism, a conservative Sunni Islamic movement emphasizing strict adherence to early Islamic teachings.

Leaders and Empires

  • Ibn Saud partnered with Abd al-Wahhab to establish a religious-political state that evolved into modern Saudi Arabia.
  • Popé led the Pueblo Revolt in 1680.

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Explore the key events and figures of the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation in this quiz. Delve into the teachings of Martin Luther and John Calvin, as well as the Catholic Church's response through the Council of Trent. Test your knowledge of this pivotal period in European history.

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