Physics: Key Constants and Values with Units

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Questions and Answers

The speed of light in a vacuum is denoted by the symbol C and has a value of ______ $ms^{-1}$.

3 x 10^8

The value of ______ constant, denoted as K, is $9 \times 10^9 \frac{Nm^2}{C^2}$.

Coulomb

The ______ of vacuum, denoted as $\epsilon_0$, is approximately $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \frac{C^2}{Nm^2}$.

permittivity

The charge of an electron or proton is a fundamental constant, approximately equal to ______ C.

<p>1.6 x 10^-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of an electron, denoted as $m_e$, is approximately ______ kg.

<p>9.11 x 10^-31</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of a proton, denoted as $m_p$, is approximately ______ kg.

<p>1.67 x 10^-27</p> Signup and view all the answers

The constant denoted by G in physics defines the force of gravity and is approximately ______ $Nm^2/kg^2$.

<p>6.67 x 10^-11</p> Signup and view all the answers

The constant, $\mu_0$ which defines how much magnetic field will be created by a current in a vacuum is called the ______ of Vaccum and is equal to $4\pi \times 10^{-7} \frac{Tm}{A}$.

<p>permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Rydberg constant, denoted as R, has a value of approximately ______ $m^{-1}$.

<p>1.097 x 10^7</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Planck constant, denoted as h, is approximately ______ J × s.

<p>6.625 x 10^-34</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ constant relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas and has a value of $1.38 \times 10^{-23}$ J/K.

<p>Boltzmann</p> Signup and view all the answers

The charge of an alpha particle, denoted as $q_\alpha$, is equal to ______ times the elementary charge.

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gyromagnetic ratio for an electron is approximately ______ C/kg.

<p>8.79 x 10^10</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr magneton, denoted as $m_e$, is approximately ______ J/T.

<p>9.27 × 10^-24</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bohr radius, denoted as $a_0$, is approximately ______ Å.

<p>0.53</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chemistry, the number of atoms, molecules, or ions in one mole of a substance, is called the ______ number and is approximately $6.023 \times 10^{23} mol^{-1}$.

<p>Avogadro</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atomic ______ unit (u) is approximately $1.66 \times 10^{-27}$ kg.

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to mass-energy equivalence, 1 atomic mass unit (1u) is equivalent to ______ MeV.

<p>931.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

A kilowatt hour (Kwh), a commercial unit of energy, is equivalent to ______ Joules.

<p>3.6 x 10^6</p> Signup and view all the answers

The speed of light in air is approximately ______ $ms^{-1}$.

<p>3 x 10^8</p> Signup and view all the answers

The coulomb constant is fundamental in determining the electric force between ______ charges.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of vaccum is an important factor in determining the capacitance.

<p>permittivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of an ______ is significantly less than that of a proton.

<p>electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proton's mass is about one atomic ______ unit.

<p>mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mass of a ______ is close to that of a proton.

<p>neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ constant is used to calculate the gravitational force between two objects.

<p>gravitational</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ of vacuum is relevant in the context of magnetic fields created by electric currents.

<p>permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ constant is used to calculate the wavelengths of spectral lines of an atom.

<p>Rydberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ of light is proportional to its frequency and Plank's constant.

<p>photon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speed of Light (c)

The speed at which light travels in a vacuum, approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second.

Coulomb's Constant (K)

A constant that relates the electric force between two charged particles to the distance between them, approximately 9 x 10^9 Nm²/C².

Permittivity of Vacuum (ε₀)

A measure of how much the electric field is reduced relative to free space.

Elementary Charge (e)

The fundamental unit of electric charge carried by a single proton or electron, approximately 1.6 x 10^-19 Coulombs.

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Mass of Electron (me)

The mass of a single electron, approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg.

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Mass of Proton (mp)

The mass of a single proton, approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.

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Mass of Neutron (mn)

The mass of a neutron, approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.

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Gravitational Constant (G)

The constant that determines the strength of the gravitational force between two masses, approximately 6.67 x 10^-11 Nm²/kg².

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Permeability of Vacuum (µ₀)

A measure of how easily a magnetic field can permeate a vacuum, approximately 4π x 10^-7 Tm/A.

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Rydberg Constant (R)

A constant used to calculate the wavelengths of spectral lines of an element, approximately 1.097 x 10^7 m^-1.

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Boltzmann Constant (kb)

A constant that relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas, approximately 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K.

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Charge of α Particle (qα)

The electric charge of an alpha particle, equal to twice the elementary charge (2e).

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Gyromagnetic Ratio

Ratio of the magnetic moment to the angular momentum of a particle. e/(2m)

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Bohr Magneton (µB)

A constant representing the magnetic moment due to the spin of an electron.

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Bohr Radius (a₀)

The radius of the first electron orbit in a hydrogen atom, approximately 0.53 Å.

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Avogadro's Number (NA)

The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 × 10^23 mol^-1.

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Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights, approximately 1.66 x 10^-27 kg.

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Mass-Energy Equivalent

The amount of energy equivalent to one atomic mass unit (1u), approximately 931.5 MeV.

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Commercial Unit of Energy

A unit of energy commonly used for billing purposes, equal to 3.6 x 10^6 Joules.

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Planck constant (h)

Constant relating energy of photon to its frequency.

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Study Notes

  • Key constants and values with units

Speed of Light

  • The speed of light in a vacuum (c) is 3 x 10^8 meters per second (m/s)

Coulomb's Constant

  • Coulomb's constant (K) is 9 x 10^9 Newton-meters squared per Coulomb squared (Nm²/C²)

Permittivity of Vacuum

  • The permittivity of vacuum (ε₀) is 8.85 x 10^-12 Coulombs squared per Newton-meter squared (C²/Nm²)

Charge of Electron/Proton

  • The elementary charge (e) is 1.6 x 10^-19 Coulombs (C)

Mass of Electron

  • The mass of an electron (mₑ) is 9.11 x 10^-31 kilograms (Kg)

Mass of Proton

  • The mass of a proton (mₚ) is 1.67 x 10^-27 kilograms (Kg)

Mass of Neutron

  • The mass of a neutron (mₙ) is 1.67 x 10^-27 kilograms (Kg)

Gravitational Constant

  • The gravitational constant (G) is 6.67 x 10^-11 Newton-meters squared per kilogram squared (Nm²/Kg²)

Permeability of Vacuum

  • The permeability of vacuum (µ₀) is 4π x 10^-7 Tesla-meters per Ampere (Tm/A)

Rydberg Constant

  • The Rydberg constant (R) is 1.097 x 10^7 per meter (m⁻¹)

Plank Constant

  • Planck's constant (h) is 6.625 x 10^-34 Joule-seconds (J x s)

Boltzmann Constant

  • Boltzmann's constant (K_b) is 1.38 x 10^-23 Joules per Kelvin (J/k)

Charge of Alpha Particle

  • The charge of an alpha particle (q_α) is 2e (twice the elementary charge)

Gyromagnetic Ratio

  • The gyromagnetic ratio (e/2mₑ) is 8.79 x 10^10 Coulombs per kilogram (C/Kg)

Bohr Magneton

  • The Bohr magneton (µₑ) is 9.27 x 10^-24 Joules per Tesla (J/T)

Bohr Radius

  • The Bohr radius (a₀) is 0.53 Angstroms (Å)

Avogadro Number

  • Avogadro's number (N_A) is 6.023 x 10^23 per mole (mol⁻¹)

Atomic Mass Unit

  • The atomic mass unit (1u) is 1.66 x 10^-27 kilograms (kg)

Mass-Energy Equivalent

  • Mass-energy equivalence relates mass (m) to energy (E) via E=mc², where 1u is equivalent to 931.5 MeV.

Commercial Unit of Energy

  • 1 Kilowatt-hour (Kwh) is the same as 1 unit, which equals 3.6 x 10^6 Joules (J)

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