Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the best example of a physical change?
Which of the following is the best example of a physical change?
- Baking a cake.
- Rusting of iron.
- Burning wood.
- Melting ice. (correct)
What is the chemical formula for rust (iron (III) oxide)?
What is the chemical formula for rust (iron (III) oxide)?
- FeO
- FeO$_3$
- Fe$_2$O$_3$ (correct)
- Fe$_2$O$_2$
Which of the following methods prevents rusting by creating a barrier that excludes both air and moisture?
Which of the following methods prevents rusting by creating a barrier that excludes both air and moisture?
- Coating with plastic.
- Oiling.
- Both B and C. (correct)
- Painting.
Based on the reactivity series provided, which of the following metals would you expect to react most vigorously with dilute hydrochloric acid?
Based on the reactivity series provided, which of the following metals would you expect to react most vigorously with dilute hydrochloric acid?
In a displacement reaction, what determines whether the reaction will occur?
In a displacement reaction, what determines whether the reaction will occur?
Given the reactivity series, which of the following reactions would NOT occur?
Given the reactivity series, which of the following reactions would NOT occur?
What best describes a metal ore?
What best describes a metal ore?
What is the primary purpose of using electrolysis in the extraction of metals?
What is the primary purpose of using electrolysis in the extraction of metals?
During electrolysis, which electrode do positive ions migrate towards, and what process occurs there?
During electrolysis, which electrode do positive ions migrate towards, and what process occurs there?
What is oxidation in the context of electrolysis?
What is oxidation in the context of electrolysis?
Which of the following metals is typically found in its native form, requiring no chemical extraction?
Which of the following metals is typically found in its native form, requiring no chemical extraction?
What separation method is used for gold that does not require heat or electricity?
What separation method is used for gold that does not require heat or electricity?
What is the primary ore from which iron is extracted?
What is the primary ore from which iron is extracted?
Compared to aluminum, how reactive is iron?
Compared to aluminum, how reactive is iron?
What reducing agent is used in the blast furnace to extract iron from iron oxide?
What reducing agent is used in the blast furnace to extract iron from iron oxide?
Which ore is the main source of aluminum?
Which ore is the main source of aluminum?
Why is electrolysis used to extract aluminum rather than carbon reduction?
Why is electrolysis used to extract aluminum rather than carbon reduction?
In the electrolysis of aluminum oxide, what happens at the cathode?
In the electrolysis of aluminum oxide, what happens at the cathode?
Which of these processes is endothermic?
Which of these processes is endothermic?
Which of the following processes is exothermic?
Which of the following processes is exothermic?
Flashcards
Physical Change
Physical Change
A change where no new substance is formed; usually a change in state (melting, freezing).
Chemical Change
Chemical Change
A change where a new substance is formed and cannot be reversed.
Chemical Name for Rust
Chemical Name for Rust
Iron(III) oxide, formed when iron reacts with oxygen: Iron + oxygen -> iron oxide
Preventing Rust
Preventing Rust
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Endothermic Reaction
Endothermic Reaction
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Exothermic Reaction
Exothermic Reaction
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Displacement Reaction
Displacement Reaction
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Electrolysis
Electrolysis
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Oxidation
Oxidation
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Metal Ore
Metal Ore
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Cathode Function
Cathode Function
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Anode Function
Anode Function
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Study Notes
- A physical change means no new substance is created and is usually only a change in state, like melting or freezing.
- A chemical change is where a new substance is formed and is impossible to reverse, examples include mould, toast, rust, and combustion.
Rusting
- The chemical name for rust is Iron (III) oxide, with the formula Fe2O3.
- The word equation for rust formation is Iron + oxygen -> iron oxide.
- Rusting can be prevented by painting, coating with plastic, or oiling.
Metal Reactivity Series
- This lists metals in order of their reactivity.
- Most reactive metals:
- Potassium (K)
- Sodium (Na)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Aluminium (Al)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Iron (Fe)
- Lead (Pb)
- Hydrogen (H)
- Copper (Cu)
- Silver (Ag)
- Gold (Au)
- Platinum (Pt)
- Least reactive
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
- Endothermic: A reaction that takes in heat from the surroundings, for example, ice melting and bond breaking.
- Exothermic: A reaction that gives out heat to the surroundings, for example, burning fuel and bond making.
Displacement Reactions
- A more reactive metal will take the place of a less reactive metal in a compound.
- A displacement reaction will occur if the free metal is more reactive than the metal in the compound.
- A displacement reaction won't occur if the free metal is less reactive.
- Example of a displacement reaction: Zinc + Copper sulfate -> Zinc sulfate + Copper (Zinc is more reactive).
- Example of no reaction: Copper + Zinc sulfate -> No reaction (Copper is less reactive).
Metal Ores
- A metal ore is a metal compound found in the ground that can be broken down to release the metal.
Electrolysis
- Electrolysis uses electricity to break down a compound into simpler substances.
Uses of Electrolysis
- To extract metals like aluminum from their ores
- To break down substances
Requirements of Electrolysis
- Electrolyte
- Two electrodes:
- Cathode (-): where positive ions go and gain electrons
- Anode (+): where negative ions go and lose electrons
Aluminum Extraction from Bauxite
- Aluminum goes to the cathode (gets reduced).
- Oxygen goes to the anode (gets oxidized).
Oxidation
- Oxidation is the gain of oxygen.
- Oxidation often happens at the positive electrode (anode) during electrolysis.
Gold
- Gold is found as a native metal (pure form in the Earth).
- Gold does not need chemical extraction.
- The separation method is mining (dig it out).
- Physical separation methods like panning or washing are used (no heat or electricity needed).
Iron
- Iron is found in ores like hematite (iron oxide).
- Iron is less reactive than aluminum.
- The separation method is a blast furnace.
- The reaction in the blast furnace is Iron oxide + carbon (coke) -> iron + carbon dioxide.
Aluminum
- Aluminum is found in bauxite (aluminum oxide).
- Aluminum is very reactive, so carbon won't work for extraction.
- The separation method is electrolysis of molten aluminum oxide.
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