Podcast
Questions and Answers
Ocean plants utilize dissolved ________ in the water for photosynthesis.
Ocean plants utilize dissolved ________ in the water for photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide
Producers convert what form of energy from the sun into glucose?
Producers convert what form of energy from the sun into glucose?
- Potential
- Chemical
- Kinetic
- Light (correct)
In what form does carbon primarily enter the atmosphere?
In what form does carbon primarily enter the atmosphere?
carbon dioxide
Carbon makes up approximately 50% of the human body's mass.
Carbon makes up approximately 50% of the human body's mass.
What essential element do plants and animals require to synthesize amino acids?
What essential element do plants and animals require to synthesize amino acids?
An example of an autotroph is ________.
An example of an autotroph is ________.
Green plants release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Green plants release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Define bioaccumulation.
Define bioaccumulation.
How do animals obtain the nitrogen they need?
How do animals obtain the nitrogen they need?
Match the carbon cycle movement with its description:
Match the carbon cycle movement with its description:
Which of the following processes is NOT part of the nitrogen cycle?
Which of the following processes is NOT part of the nitrogen cycle?
The oxygen cycle primarily involves only respiration.
The oxygen cycle primarily involves only respiration.
Define combustion in the context of biogeochemical cycles.
Define combustion in the context of biogeochemical cycles.
Ocean plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the water through ________.
Ocean plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the water through ________.
Why is the carbon cycle essential for maintaining life on Earth?
Why is the carbon cycle essential for maintaining life on Earth?
List three primary reasons for the increase in atmospheric carbon.
List three primary reasons for the increase in atmospheric carbon.
Wind farms are examples of burning fossil fuels.
Wind farms are examples of burning fossil fuels.
In summary, the carbon cycle involves carbon entering the atmosphere as CO2, its absorption by ________, consumption by animals, and eventual return to the atmosphere through decomposition.
In summary, the carbon cycle involves carbon entering the atmosphere as CO2, its absorption by ________, consumption by animals, and eventual return to the atmosphere through decomposition.
How does carbon contribute to the Earth's insulation?
How does carbon contribute to the Earth's insulation?
Define nitrogen cycle.
Define nitrogen cycle.
Approximately what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of N2 molecules?
Approximately what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of N2 molecules?
Two nitrogen atoms bonded together are known as ________.
Two nitrogen atoms bonded together are known as ________.
How do most plants acquire the nitrogen they need for growth?
How do most plants acquire the nitrogen they need for growth?
Fungi are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants.
Fungi are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants.
The nitrogen cycle primarily helps synthesize which critical compound in plants?
The nitrogen cycle primarily helps synthesize which critical compound in plants?
Nitrogen is cycled by two human activities: combustion of fuels and ________.
Nitrogen is cycled by two human activities: combustion of fuels and ________.
Approximately what percentage of the air is comprised of nitrogen?
Approximately what percentage of the air is comprised of nitrogen?
What three spheres are significantly affected by the oxygen cycle?
What three spheres are significantly affected by the oxygen cycle?
The ________ is defined as a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
The ________ is defined as a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
What does the lithosphere consist of?
What does the lithosphere consist of?
Define biosphere.
Define biosphere.
Match the step with the oxygen cycle:
Match the step with the oxygen cycle:
Rusting does not use atmospheric oxygen.
Rusting does not use atmospheric oxygen.
What are two primary sources that supply oxygen to the Earth?
What are two primary sources that supply oxygen to the Earth?
Ocean waters absorb excess atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, leading to ________.
Ocean waters absorb excess atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, leading to ________.
Why does bioaccumulation occur in organisms?
Why does bioaccumulation occur in organisms?
Define DDT.
Define DDT.
PPM measures the speed of a substance's movement in an environment.
PPM measures the speed of a substance's movement in an environment.
Which of the following is an example of a toxin that can bioaccumulate?
Which of the following is an example of a toxin that can bioaccumulate?
Carbon makes up approximately 50% of the human body.
Carbon makes up approximately 50% of the human body.
What essential element is required by all plants and animals for the synthesis of amino acids?
What essential element is required by all plants and animals for the synthesis of amino acids?
Mushrooms are an example of autotrophs.
Mushrooms are an example of autotrophs.
Green plants release _______ as a by-product of photosynthesis.
Green plants release _______ as a by-product of photosynthesis.
Define the term 'bioaccumulation'.
Define the term 'bioaccumulation'.
How do animals obtain the nitrogen they require?
How do animals obtain the nitrogen they require?
Match the following carbon cycle movements with their descriptions:
Match the following carbon cycle movements with their descriptions:
Match the following nitrogen cycle movements with their descriptions:
Match the following nitrogen cycle movements with their descriptions:
Which two processes are the primary drivers of the oxygen cycle?
Which two processes are the primary drivers of the oxygen cycle?
Ocean plants and animals release oxygen into the water through respiration.
Ocean plants and animals release oxygen into the water through respiration.
Why is the carbon cycle important for sustaining life?
Why is the carbon cycle important for sustaining life?
Name two human activities that contribute to an increase in atmospheric carbon.
Name two human activities that contribute to an increase in atmospheric carbon.
Burning oil and operating coal factories are examples of _______.
Burning oil and operating coal factories are examples of _______.
In the carbon cycle, decomposition only removes carbon from the atmosphere.
In the carbon cycle, decomposition only removes carbon from the atmosphere.
How does carbon in the atmosphere provide insulation for the Earth?
How does carbon in the atmosphere provide insulation for the Earth?
Briefly define the nitrogen cycle.
Briefly define the nitrogen cycle.
Approximately _______ percent of the molecules in Earth's atmosphere are made of nitrogen atoms.
Approximately _______ percent of the molecules in Earth's atmosphere are made of nitrogen atoms.
N2 represents a single nitrogen atom.
N2 represents a single nitrogen atom.
How do plants primarily obtain the nitrogen they require for growth?
How do plants primarily obtain the nitrogen they require for growth?
_______ alters atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
_______ alters atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
The nitrogen cycle is crucial for the synthesis of glucose in plants.
The nitrogen cycle is crucial for the synthesis of glucose in plants.
Which human activities significantly influence the nitrogen cycle?
Which human activities significantly influence the nitrogen cycle?
What percentage of the air is made up of nitrogen?
What percentage of the air is made up of nitrogen?
The oxygen cycle affects the atmosphere, _______, and biosphere.
The oxygen cycle affects the atmosphere, _______, and biosphere.
Match the following spheres of the Earth:
Match the following spheres of the Earth:
The oxygen cycle only involves plants and animals.
The oxygen cycle only involves plants and animals.
Which of the following is NOT a process that uses atmospheric oxygen?
Which of the following is NOT a process that uses atmospheric oxygen?
Name two primary sources that supply oxygen to the Earth's systems.
Name two primary sources that supply oxygen to the Earth's systems.
_______ occurs when ocean waters absorb excess atmospheric carbon dioxide.
_______ occurs when ocean waters absorb excess atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Why does bioaccumulation of certain chemicals occur in organisms?
Why does bioaccumulation of certain chemicals occur in organisms?
DDT is a beneficial nutrient for animals and humans.
DDT is a beneficial nutrient for animals and humans.
What does 'ppm' stand for?
What does 'ppm' stand for?
Mercury, lead, and DDT are examples of _______.
Mercury, lead, and DDT are examples of _______.
When is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem considered to be exceeded?
When is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem considered to be exceeded?
Density-dependent factors are primarily abiotic.
Density-dependent factors are primarily abiotic.
Ocean plants utilize dissolved _______ in the water during photosynthesis.
Ocean plants utilize dissolved _______ in the water during photosynthesis.
Which of the following processes returns carbon to the atmosphere?
Which of the following processes returns carbon to the atmosphere?
Plants obtain the nitrogen they need directly from the atmosphere.
Plants obtain the nitrogen they need directly from the atmosphere.
Name three human activities that contribute to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Name three human activities that contribute to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Match the following processes with their role in the nitrogen cycle:
Match the following processes with their role in the nitrogen cycle:
What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen ($N_2$)?
What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen ($N_2$)?
The oxygen cycle primarily affects the atmosphere and the biosphere, but not the lithosphere.
The oxygen cycle primarily affects the atmosphere and the biosphere, but not the lithosphere.
The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This process is known as _______.
The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This process is known as _______.
Which of the following is NOT a primary process that utilizes atmospheric oxygen?
Which of the following is NOT a primary process that utilizes atmospheric oxygen?
Name two natural sources that supply oxygen to the environment.
Name two natural sources that supply oxygen to the environment.
Bioaccumulation occurs when chemicals are metabolized faster than they are taken up by an organism.
Bioaccumulation occurs when chemicals are metabolized faster than they are taken up by an organism.
Which of the following is an example of a persistent toxin that can undergo bioaccumulation?
Which of the following is an example of a persistent toxin that can undergo bioaccumulation?
The measurement 'ppm' stands for _______, a unit used to express the concentration of a substance.
The measurement 'ppm' stands for _______, a unit used to express the concentration of a substance.
List three density-dependent factors that can limit population growth.
List three density-dependent factors that can limit population growth.
Match the term with its definition.
Match the term with its definition.
Which of the following describes how a food web differs from a food chain?
Which of the following describes how a food web differs from a food chain?
Introducing a new species into an ecosystem always increases biodiversity and enhances its resilience.
Introducing a new species into an ecosystem always increases biodiversity and enhances its resilience.
A community with high _______ is less vulnerable to external stressors and has more efficient nutrient cycling.
A community with high _______ is less vulnerable to external stressors and has more efficient nutrient cycling.
What are the four major components of a food chain, in order?
What are the four major components of a food chain, in order?
Nitrogen is essential for plants and animals for making what?
Nitrogen is essential for plants and animals for making what?
Flashcards
Photosynthesis Input
Photosynthesis Input
Ocean plants use dissolved carbon dioxide in the water for photosynthesis.
Energy for Glucose
Energy for Glucose
Producers, like plants, use energy from the sun to create glucose (sugar).
Carbon's Atmospheric Form
Carbon's Atmospheric Form
Carbon enters the atmosphere primarily as carbon dioxide (CO2).
Carbon Composition
Carbon Composition
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Nitrogen's Role
Nitrogen's Role
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Autotroph Example
Autotroph Example
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Oxygen byproduct
Oxygen byproduct
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Bioaccumulation Definition
Bioaccumulation Definition
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Nitrogen Intake
Nitrogen Intake
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Carbon Cycle Movements
Carbon Cycle Movements
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Nitrogen Cycle Stages
Nitrogen Cycle Stages
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Oxygen Cycle
Oxygen Cycle
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Combustion Defined
Combustion Defined
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Aquatic Respiration
Aquatic Respiration
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Carbon Cycle Relevance
Carbon Cycle Relevance
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Increased Carbon Causes
Increased Carbon Causes
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Fossil Fuel Examples
Fossil Fuel Examples
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Carbon Cycle Summary
Carbon Cycle Summary
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Carbon and Insulation
Carbon and Insulation
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Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
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Atmospheric Nitrogen
Atmospheric Nitrogen
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Nitrogen gas
Nitrogen gas
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Plant nitrogen source.
Plant nitrogen source.
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Animal nitrogen source.
Animal nitrogen source.
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Nitrogen alteration.
Nitrogen alteration.
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Nitrogen cycle use
Nitrogen cycle use
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Human impact on nitrogen.
Human impact on nitrogen.
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Percentage of nitrogen in air.
Percentage of nitrogen in air.
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Oxygen Cycle Spheres
Oxygen Cycle Spheres
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Atmosphere definition
Atmosphere definition
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Lithosphere definition.
Lithosphere definition.
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Biosphere definition.
Biosphere definition.
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Oxygen cycle.
Oxygen cycle.
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atmospheric oxygen processes.
atmospheric oxygen processes.
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Oxygen suppliers.
Oxygen suppliers.
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Ocean acidification definition
Ocean acidification definition
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Bioaccumulation factors.
Bioaccumulation factors.
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DDT Description
DDT Description
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PPM definition.
PPM definition.
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Toxin Examples
Toxin Examples
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Carrying capacity
Carrying capacity
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Density dependent factors affiliation.
Density dependent factors affiliation.
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Density dependent examples
Density dependent examples
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Density Dependent Factor
Density Dependent Factor
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Density independent factor.
Density independent factor.
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Density-independent examples
Density-independent examples
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Ecosystem carry capacity factors impacted.
Ecosystem carry capacity factors impacted.
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Carrying capacity
Carrying capacity
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Biodiversity definition
Biodiversity definition
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Four major parts in order.
Four major parts in order.
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Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Carbon Dioxide
- Ocean plants utilize dissolved carbon dioxide in water for photosynthesis.
Producers and Glucose
- Producers harness energy from the sun to produce glucose.
Carbon Cycle: Atmosphere
- Carbon enters the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide.
Human Body Composition
- Carbon constitutes 18% of the human body's composition.
Amino Acids and Nitrogen
- All plants and animals require nitrogen to synthesize amino acids.
Autotrophs
- Green plants serve as an example of autotrophs.
Photosynthesis Byproduct
- Green plants release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Bioaccumulation
- Bioaccumulation refers to the process where chemicals accumulate within an organism.
Nitrogen Acquisition
- Animals obtain the nitrogen they need by consuming plants or other animals that contain nitrogen.
Carbon Cycle Movements
- Key processes in the carbon cycle include: photosynthesis, consumption, cellular respiration, decomposition and decay, and combustion.
Nitrogen Cycle Movements
- Key processes in the nitrogen cycle include: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonification, assimilation, and denitrification.
Oxygen Cycle Movements
- Essential processes in the oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration.
Combustion
- Combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems
- Ocean plants and animals release carbon dioxide back into the water through respiration.
Relevance of the Carbon Cycle
- The carbon cycle maintains a crucial balance between carbon intake and output, ensuring equilibrium between plants and animals.
Factors Increasing Carbon Levels
- Factors responsible for an increase in carbon levels are greenhouse gases, deforestation, and population growth.
Combustion Examples
- Examples of combustion via fossil fuels are the burning of oil and activities in coal factories.
Carbon Cycle Summary
- Carbon cycles through the atmosphere as CO2, then is absorbed by autotrophs, and then consumed by animals to be put in their systems. When both die, the bodies decompose and carbon is released back into the atmopshere.
Carbon's Role as Insulation
- Carbon provides insulation to the Earth by trapping the sun's heat.
Nitrogen Cycle Definition
- The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for living organisms.
Atmospheric Composition
- Approximately 80% of the molecules in Earth's atmosphere consist of two nitrogen atoms bonded together.
Molecular Nitrogen
- Two nitrogen atoms bonded together are referred to as N2.
Nitrogen Source for Plants
- Plants primarily obtain the nitrogen they need to grow from the soil or water.
Nitrogen Source for Animals
- Animals acquire the nitrogen they need by consuming plants or other animals that contain nitrogen.
Role of Bacteria in Nitrogen Cycle
- Bacteria play a crucial role in converting nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
Nitrogen Cycle and Chlorophyll
- The nitrogen cycle aids in synthesizing chlorophyll.
Human Impact on Nitrogen Cycle
- The nitrogen cycle is affected by combustion of fuels and use of nitrogen fertilizers due to human activity.
Nitrogen Content in Air
- Air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen.
Spheres Affected by Oxygen
- Oxygen influences the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
Atmosphere Defined
- The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
Lithosphere Defined
- The lithosphere is the rigid outer part of the Earth, encompassing the crust and upper mantle.
Biosphere Defined
- The biosphere is the region of Earth where life exists.
Oxygen Cycle Steps
- The process of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight releases oxygen back into the atmosphere which is then breathed in by humans and animals which turn into carbon dioxide and is then linked back to the plants.
Atmospheric Oxygen Use
- Four main atmospheric processes using oxygen are: breathing, decomposition, combustion, and rusting.
Oxygen Sources
- The sun and plants are the main suppliers of oxygen.
Ocean Acidification
- Ocean acidification is the effect caused by ocean waters absorbing excess atmospheric carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.
Cause of Bioaccumulation
- Bioaccumulation occurs when a chemical is taken up faster than it is used or cannot be metabolized.
DDT
- DDT is an insecticide that is toxic to animals and humans.
PPM
- PPM stands for parts per million, a measuring system for the amount of substance present.
Examples of Toxins
- Examples of toxins include mercury, lead, DDT, PCB, and dioxins.
Exceeding Carrying Capacity
- The carrying capacity is exceeded when the death rate surpasses the birth rate.
Density-Dependent Factors
- Density-dependent factors tend to be biotic.
Density-Dependent Factors: Examples
- Predation, disease and parasites, waste accumulation, stress, and competition are examples of density-dependent factors.
Density-Dependent Factors Defined
- Density-dependent factors are limiting factors more strongly affecting large, dense populations than small, less crowded ones.
Density-Independent Factors
- Density-independent factors are factors unrelated to population size or density that limit a population.
Density-Independent Factors: Examples
- Natural disasters and human interactions are examples of density-independent factors.
Factors Affecting Carrying Capacity
- Food and water supply, habitat space, competition, and physical and chemical factors affect the carrying capacity of an ecosystem.
Carrying Capacity Defined
- Carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain.
Biodiversity Defined
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the world, a habitat, or ecosystem.
Food Chain Components
- A food chain consists of sunlight, producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Producers Defined
- Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.
Consumers Defined
- Consumers are organisms that eat other organisms, whether plants or animals.
Decomposers Defined
- Decomposers are organisms that obtain energy from dead or waste organic material.
Food Chain vs. Food Web
- A food web is larger and more complex than a food chain, and because of that showcases the flow of energy better.
Invasive Species Defined
- Invasive species are plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native.
Consequences of Introducing New Species
- Intruding new species can disrupt an ecosystem, cause native species to go extinct, create new diseases, affect the food chain and web, increase the death rate, lower carrying capacity, or alter the diversity of organisms by competing more.
Consequences of Species Extinction
- Overabundant prey, disrupted ecosystem balance, extinction of plant species affecting animals reliant on them for food or shelter, and soil fertility are all consequences of species extinction.
Impact of Biodiversity
- The more number of species, the lesser there will be impact on stress. An ecosystem with great biodiversity will have more efficient cycling of matter and nutrients..
Ecosystem Sustainability
- The sustainability of an ecosystem relies on biodiversity quality.
Niche Defined
- A niche is the role of an organism in its habitat.
Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Denitrification Defined
- Denitrification is the conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas.
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Description
Explore photosynthesis, the carbon cycle, and their importance in nature. Plants use carbon dioxide to produce glucose, releasing oxygen. Carbon is a key element, making up 18% of the human body.
