Phonetics Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic element studied in phonetics?

  • Syllable
  • Sound (correct)
  • Phoneme
  • Morpheme

    • Which branch of phonetics deals with the production of speech?

  • Acoustic phonetics
  • Phonological phonetics
  • Auditory phonetics
  • Articulatory phonetics (correct)

    • How many phonemes are there in the English language?

  • 44 (correct)
  • 40
  • 36
  • 50

    • What does the distinctive function of a phoneme refer to?

    <p>Changing a word's meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription type represents real speech sounds?

    <p>Phonetic transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?

    <p>To represent speech sounds with symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is used to classify consonantal phonemes?

    <p>Place of articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sub-branch of phonology?

    <p>Articulatory phonology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a bilabial sound?

    <p>/m/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the manner of articulation for the sounds /tʃ/ and /dʒ/?

    <p>Affricates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following consonantal sounds is classified as a voiced (lenis) sound?

    <p>/g/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position do the plosive sounds /p/, /t/, and /k/ become aspirated?

    <p>Initial position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nasal sounds categorized based on the position of the soft palate?

    <p>Nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of articulation involves total stricture followed by an air release?

    <p>Plosives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'pre-fortis clipping' in relation to plosive sounds?

    <p>Shortening of vowels preceding plosive sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of sounds are NOT classified as constrictives?

    <p>/p/, /t/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the place of articulation for the nasal sound /n/?

    <p>Alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the nasal sound /ŋ/?

    <p>It occurs only in medial and final positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context does the approximant /r/ become devoiced?

    <p>When preceded by /p, t, k/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the sound /l/ pronounced in final positions?

    <p>As a dark 'l'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the semi-vowel /w/ is correct?

    <p>/w/ is pronounced similarly to /ʊ/.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of allophones of the /l/ sound in English?

    <p>They have variants that occur in complementary distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these words contains the nasal /ŋ/ in the correct context?

    <p>anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the /r/ sound in a non-rhotic accent?

    <p>It is not pronounced in final positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fricatives are classified as labiodental?

    <p>/f/, /v/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fricative has a glottal articulation?

    <p>/h/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect involved in the production of speech?

    <p>Physiological aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a post-alveolar fricative?

    <p>/ʒ/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of phonation, what happens to the vocal folds during vowel production?

    <p>Vibrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consonants are /tʃ/ and /dʒ/?

    <p>Affricates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pre-fortis clipping phenomenon?

    <p>Reduction of consonant duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sound is a voiceless consonant produced with a narrow glottis?

    <p>/h/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes triphthongs?

    <p>Triphthongs glide from the first to the second and third vowels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are English vowels classified horizontally?

    <p>By which part of the tongue is raised the highest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of English diphthongs, what characterizes the first element?

    <p>It is typically the stronger element of the diphthong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of English monophthongs?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of vowels?

    <p>They have no contact of articulators and can form the center of a syllable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phonetics and Phonology - Introduction

    • The course aims to introduce the phonetic system of English and improve English pronunciation.
    • Seminars require original textbooks or copies.
    • Assessment: 80% credit for active seminar participation and 20% from a transcription test and a theoretical exam.

    Phonetics

    • Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies speech sounds.
    • The basic element in phonetics is the sound (phone).
    • Sub-branches include: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics. Articulatory phonetics studies the production of speech, acoustic phonetics considers the transmission of speech, and auditory phonetics focuses on the reception of speech.

    Phonology

    • Phonology is a branch of linguistics that classifies speech sounds.
    • The basic element in phonology is the phoneme.
    • Sub-branches include: segmental phonology (phonemes) and suprasegmental phonology (elements higher than phonemes).

    Phonic Units

    • A sound (phone) is a real acoustic sound produced by a speaker.
    • A phoneme is an abstract phonic unit existing in a language. English has 44 phonemes (20 vowels and 24 consonants). Changing a phoneme changes the meaning of a word (distinctive function).

    Transcription

    • Spelling and pronunciation in English do not always correspond.
    • Transcription codes speech sounds (one symbol equals one sound).
    • Types of transcription include phonetic (allophonic), representing real speech sounds, and phonological (phonemic), representing phonemes, which are used in books and dictionaries.
    • The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of transcription symbols established by the International Phonetic Association in 1886.
    • Required: English Phonetics and Phonology (3rd or 4th edition) by P. Roach
    • Recommended: Websites for Cambridge and Oxford learner's dictionaries, Headway Upper-Intermediate Pronunciation (1991), and Exercise Book to English Phonetics and Phonology (2002) by R. Pavlik.

    Syllabus

    • The syllabus covers topics including introduction, production of speech sounds, vowels, consonants, syllables, stress, weak forms, aspects of connected speech, tone, intonation, and varieties of English.

    Consonantal Phonemes - Plosives

    • There are six plosive consonants: /p, t, k, b, d, g/.
    • Characteristics have stages of articulation: closing, compression, release, and post-release.
    • Criteria for classifying plosives include place of articulation (bilabial, alveolar, velar), voicing (fortis/lenis), and acoustic impression.

    Consonantal Phonemes - Nasals and Other Consonants

    • There are three nasal consonants: /m, n, ŋ/.
    • Nasals are voiced and air escapes through the nose, with the soft palate lowered. Places of articulation are bilabial (/m/), alveolar (/n/), and velar (ŋ/).
    • Other consonants include laterals (/l/), approximants (/r/), and semi-vowels (/j, w/).

    Consonantal Phonemes - Fricatives and Affricates

    • Fricatives are continuants: /f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h/.
    • Affricates begin as plosives and end as fricatives: /tʃ, dʒ/.

    Production of Speech

    • Speech results from muscle contractions expelling air through the vocal tract.
    • Three aspects are presented: physiological (phases of articulation—respiration, phonation, modification), acoustic (transmission of sound—periodic/aperiodic vibrations), and auditory (perception of speech—outer, middle, inner ear to brain).

    Vocal Phonemes

    • Vowels have acoustic characteristics (tones, voiced)
    • Articulatory characteristics involve no contact of articulators.
    • Phonological characteristics are at the centre of a syllable.
    • Vowels include monophthongs (pure vowels), diphthongs, and triphthongs.

    Vowel Classification

    • Vowel classification considers vertical (tongue height—close, mid, open) and horizontal (tongue position—front, central, back) dimensions.
    • Lip position (rounded, spread, neutral) also matters.

    Cardinal Vowels

    • Cardinal vowels are a standard reference system for extremes of vowel quality, established by the International Phonetic Association (IPA). Primary and secondary cardinals are included.

    Short Vowels

    • Short vowels /æ, e, ɪ, ʌ, ə, ʊ, ɑ/ have specific articulatory characteristics. 

    Diphthongs

    • There are eight English diphthongs, each with a glide from one vowel to another.  The first element is typically stronger.

    Triphthongs

    • There are five English triphthongs representing glides from one vowel to another to a third in a syllable.

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    Phonetics and Phonology Presentation PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of phonetics. This quiz covers various aspects including phonemes, speech production, and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Get ready to explore the intricate sounds of spoken language!

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