Podcast
Questions and Answers
An azole antifungal is associated with gynecomastia and elevated hepatic enzymes. Which antifungal is most likely responsible?
An azole antifungal is associated with gynecomastia and elevated hepatic enzymes. Which antifungal is most likely responsible?
- Amphotericin B
- Fluconazole
- Ketoconazole (correct)
- Echinocandins
Which of the following penicillins is most appropriate for treating a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus infection?
Which of the following penicillins is most appropriate for treating a beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus infection?
- Carbenicillin
- Penicillin G
- Ampicillin
- Oxacillin (correct)
A patient with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea requires oral antibiotic therapy. Which is the best choice?
A patient with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea requires oral antibiotic therapy. Which is the best choice?
- Metronidazole
- Clindamycin
- Ampicillin
- Vancomycin (correct)
Aminoglycosides exhibit enhanced efficacy against gram-positive pathogens when co-administered with which of the following?
Aminoglycosides exhibit enhanced efficacy against gram-positive pathogens when co-administered with which of the following?
Cephalosporins exert their antibacterial effect through which mechanism?
Cephalosporins exert their antibacterial effect through which mechanism?
In a patient presenting with cerebral edema, which diuretic would be MOST appropriate to rapidly reduce intracranial pressure?
In a patient presenting with cerebral edema, which diuretic would be MOST appropriate to rapidly reduce intracranial pressure?
Which receptor type, when activated, directly influences ion channel permeability without involving a second messenger cascade?
Which receptor type, when activated, directly influences ion channel permeability without involving a second messenger cascade?
A direct-acting, lipid-soluble cholinomimetic medication commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma is:
A direct-acting, lipid-soluble cholinomimetic medication commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma is:
A patient with angina requires immediate relief during an acute attack. Which form of nitroglycerin is most suitable?
A patient with angina requires immediate relief during an acute attack. Which form of nitroglycerin is most suitable?
Which vasodilator directly interferes with calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle?
Which vasodilator directly interferes with calcium influx through L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle?
Flashcards
Drug-cell interaction consequences
Drug-cell interaction consequences
Forms pores in cell membranes via hydrophilic groups.
Oxacillin use
Oxacillin use
Often used for β-lactamase positive staphylococci infections.
C. difficile treatment
C. difficile treatment
Metronidazole is used to treat C. difficile enterocolitis.
Aminoglycosides combination
Aminoglycosides combination
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Cephalosporin mechanism
Cephalosporin mechanism
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Diuretic for cerebral edema
Diuretic for cerebral edema
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Pilocarpine use
Pilocarpine use
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Immediate angina relief
Immediate angina relief
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Diltiazem action
Diltiazem action
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Drugs useful in angina
Drugs useful in angina
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Study Notes
- Chemical interactions between a drug and cell membrane components can result in pores lined by hydrophilic groups.
Azoles
- An azole prescribed for cutaneous fungal infection can cause nausea, pruritis, gynecomastia, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels.
- Fluconazole, Amphotericin, Echinocandins, and Ketoconazole are antifungals.
Penicillin Therapy
- Oxacillin is the best choice for penicillin therapy in β-lactamase positive staphylococci
Clostridium Difficile Enterocolitis
- Metronidazole or Vancomycin is recommended for severe cases of C. difficile enterocolitis.
Antibiotics Combinations
- Aminoglycosides are often combined with other groups to extend coverage against gram + pathogens.
- Suitable groups include: Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones, B-lactam Antibiotics or Clindamycin
Cephalosporin
- Cephalosporin's antibacterial action involves the inhibition of transpeptidation reactions
Diuretics
- Mannitol is useful in patients with cerebral edema
Receptors and Ion Channels
- A receptor directly coupled to an ion channel without involving a second messenger system is N(Ach).
Glaucoma Treatment
- Pilocarpine is a direct-acting lipid-soluble cholinomimetic used in glaucoma.
Angina Treatment
- Sublingual nitroglycerine is the therapy for immediate relief of atherosclerotic angina.
- Diltiazem acts on vascular smooth muscle to block calcium influx via L-type channels.
- Verapamil is useful in angina, but causes constipation, edema and increased cardiac size.
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Description
This lesson covers various aspects of pharmacology, including the interactions of drugs with cell membranes, antifungal azoles, penicillin therapy, treatment for Clostridium difficile enterocolitis, antibiotic combinations, cephalosporins, and the use of diuretics like mannitol for cerebral edema.
