Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of nucleic acids within a cell?
What is the primary function of nucleic acids within a cell?
- Carrying genetic information (correct)
- Catalyzing metabolic reactions
- Structural support
- Energy storage
Transcription is the process by which RNA is used to synthesize proteins.
Transcription is the process by which RNA is used to synthesize proteins.
False (B)
Name the process by which information stored in DNA is transferred to RNA.
Name the process by which information stored in DNA is transferred to RNA.
transcription
The building blocks of nucleic acids are called ________.
The building blocks of nucleic acids are called ________.
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?
Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in DNA.
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in DNA.
What type of bond links nucleotides together in a strand of DNA or RNA?
What type of bond links nucleotides together in a strand of DNA or RNA?
In the DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________.
In the DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________.
Which structural description best describes the overall shape of a DNA molecule?
Which structural description best describes the overall shape of a DNA molecule?
The two strands of DNA in a double helix run parallel to each other.
The two strands of DNA in a double helix run parallel to each other.
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
The strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously during replication is known as the ________ strand.
The strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously during replication is known as the ________ strand.
Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?
Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?
Primase is required to initiate DNA replication on both the leading and lagging strands.
Primase is required to initiate DNA replication on both the leading and lagging strands.
What are the short, discontinuous DNA fragments produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication called?
What are the short, discontinuous DNA fragments produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication called?
The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand is called ________.
The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand is called ________.
During DNA replication, what is the role of single-strand binding proteins?
During DNA replication, what is the role of single-strand binding proteins?
DNA replication always starts at a single origin of replication in eukaryotic cells.
DNA replication always starts at a single origin of replication in eukaryotic cells.
In transcription, what serves as the template for mRNA synthesis?
In transcription, what serves as the template for mRNA synthesis?
In mRNA, a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid is called a ________.
In mRNA, a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid is called a ________.
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
What is the function of tRNA in translation?
Ribosomes are only found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes are only found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Name the process by which the genetic code in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein.
Name the process by which the genetic code in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein.
During translation, mRNA is read in a ________ to ________ direction.
During translation, mRNA is read in a ________ to ________ direction.
Match the following enzymes with their function in DNA replication:
Match the following enzymes with their function in DNA replication:
Flashcards
What is DNA?
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that provides storage and transmission of genetic information in the form of a genetic code consisting of a sequence of nucleotides.
What is transcription?
What is transcription?
The process where information stored in DNA is copied into RNA.
What is translation?
What is translation?
The process where the information in RNA is used to synthesize proteins.
What are nucleotides?
What are nucleotides?
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What are nitrogenous bases?
What are nitrogenous bases?
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What is a phosphodiester bond?
What is a phosphodiester bond?
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What is Helicase?
What is Helicase?
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What is DNA polymerase?
What is DNA polymerase?
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What is a primer?
What is a primer?
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What is Primase?
What is Primase?
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What is Ligase?
What is Ligase?
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Study Notes
- Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA.
- They act as carriers of genetic information.
- DNA acts as a library of stored information.
- Information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA through a process called transcription.
- Information in RNA is used to synthesize proteins in Translation.
DNA Structure
- DNA is composed of a long chain of subunits called nucleotides.
- Nitrogenous groups in nucleotides in DNA and RNA are either purines or pyrimidines.
- In RNA, Uracil is used instead of Thymine.
- Nucleotides pair up with hydrogen bonds to form base pairs.
- Thymine (in DNA) or Uracil (in RNA) pair up with Adenine with 2 hydrogen bonds.
- Cytosine pairs up with Guanine with 3 hydrogen bonds.
- Nucleotides can be linked by phosphodiester bonds at carbons 3 and 5.
- DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule that provides storage and transmission of genetic information.
- This information is implemented for the development and functioning of living organisms.
- A DNA molecule stores biological information in the form of a genetic code of nucleotides.
- DNA structure has two strands that form a double helix.
- Antiparallel strands of DNA are twisted to form a double helix.
DNA Replication
- DNA Replication: DNA unzips, creating leading and lagging strands.
- Helicase creates this split.
Enzymes in DNA Replication
- Helicase unzips DNA.
- DNA Polymerase acts as a builder during replication.
- Primase is the initializer.
- Ligase acts as a gluer.
Transcription
- Transcription of DNA creates mRNA.
- Translation of mRNA translated at ribosomes with the help of tRNA.
- Ribosomes are found loose in the cytosol and at the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Genetic information is stored as a three-letter code or codon.
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