Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the role of non-microbial factors in periodontal disease?
Which of the following best describes the role of non-microbial factors in periodontal disease?
- They modify or amplify the host response to periodontal pathogens. (correct)
- They prevent the initial microbial colonization required for periodontal diseases.
- They only influence the progression of periodontal disease after microbial infection.
- They directly cause periodontal disease by initiating the inflammatory process.
A patient presents with rapidly progressing periodontitis. When assessing potential modifying factors, which systemic condition should raise the highest level of concern due to its strong association with periodontal disease?
A patient presents with rapidly progressing periodontitis. When assessing potential modifying factors, which systemic condition should raise the highest level of concern due to its strong association with periodontal disease?
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (correct)
- Eczema
- Osteoarthritis
- Hypothyroidism
Which of the following factors is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease?
Which of the following factors is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease?
- High stress levels
- Genetic Predisposition (correct)
- Smoking status
- Poor oral hygiene
How might stress contribute to the progression of periodontal disease?
How might stress contribute to the progression of periodontal disease?
During which hormonal stage or condition is a patient most likely to experience an increased inflammatory response in the gingiva due to changes in sex hormones?
During which hormonal stage or condition is a patient most likely to experience an increased inflammatory response in the gingiva due to changes in sex hormones?
A dental hygienist notes increased bleeding on probing and inflammation in a pregnant patient. What is the most likely reason for this heightened gingival response?
A dental hygienist notes increased bleeding on probing and inflammation in a pregnant patient. What is the most likely reason for this heightened gingival response?
A patient with well-controlled diabetes presents with periodontitis. Which statement explains the nature of this relationship?
A patient with well-controlled diabetes presents with periodontitis. Which statement explains the nature of this relationship?
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect, potentially exacerbating periodontal issues?
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect, potentially exacerbating periodontal issues?
How does leukemia affect the periodontium and increase the risk of periodontal disease?
How does leukemia affect the periodontium and increase the risk of periodontal disease?
Which statement best describes the aim of 'Making Every Contact Count' (MECC) in the context of dental practice?
Which statement best describes the aim of 'Making Every Contact Count' (MECC) in the context of dental practice?
A patient being treated for HIV presents with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. What is the primary underlying mechanism that contributes to this condition in HIV-positive individuals?
A patient being treated for HIV presents with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. What is the primary underlying mechanism that contributes to this condition in HIV-positive individuals?
How can undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes affect a patient's response to periodontal treatment?
How can undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes affect a patient's response to periodontal treatment?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention for a patient who acknowledges high stress levels and its potential impact on their oral health?
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention for a patient who acknowledges high stress levels and its potential impact on their oral health?
A dentist notices linear gingival erythema (LGE) during a routine examination. What condition should the dentist suspect?
A dentist notices linear gingival erythema (LGE) during a routine examination. What condition should the dentist suspect?
You diagnose a patient with Generalized Periodontitis Stage 3 Grade B. What additional information is required to provide a complete diagnosis?
You diagnose a patient with Generalized Periodontitis Stage 3 Grade B. What additional information is required to provide a complete diagnosis?
Which of the following systemic conditions is characterized by impaired neutrophil function, potentially increasing susceptibility to periodontal disease?
Which of the following systemic conditions is characterized by impaired neutrophil function, potentially increasing susceptibility to periodontal disease?
How might osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone density, potentially affect periodontal health?
How might osteoporosis, a condition characterized by decreased bone density, potentially affect periodontal health?
What is the primary goal of incorporating a periodontal risk assessment into a patient's dental examination?
What is the primary goal of incorporating a periodontal risk assessment into a patient's dental examination?
In the context of periodontal disease, what is the significance of understanding the 'bidirectional relationship' between oral and systemic health?
In the context of periodontal disease, what is the significance of understanding the 'bidirectional relationship' between oral and systemic health?
When should a dental professional consider a medical referral for a patient exhibiting oral manifestations associated with HIV/AIDS, particularly in the HAART era?
When should a dental professional consider a medical referral for a patient exhibiting oral manifestations associated with HIV/AIDS, particularly in the HAART era?
Flashcards
Non-microbial factors
Non-microbial factors
Factors that contribute to periodontal disease, excluding microbial agents
Aetiology
Aetiology
The study of the causes or origin of diseases or abnormalities.
Non-microbial factors
Non-microbial factors
Systemic diseases, genetic factors, sex hormones, smoking, medications, and stress.
MECC (Make Every Contact Count)
MECC (Make Every Contact Count)
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Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia
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Non-Microbial Risk Factors
Non-Microbial Risk Factors
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Immuno-suppression
Immuno-suppression
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Study Notes
Introduction to Non-Microbial Factors in Periodontal Disease
- Non-microbial factors relate to the aetiology of periodontal disease
- Systemic diseases/conditions can alter host response to periodontal pathogens
- Several factors influence the development of periodontal diseases/disorders
Videos to Watch:
- A list of videos must be watched regarding this topic
- https://youtu.be/bHMTgMKPFG8
- https://youtu.be/RhrLOVN5_8E
- https://youtu.be/br-iMGi6fYI
Useful Websites:
- Gum disease, diabetes, and oral health in pregnancy can be found on the EFP website
- https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/perio-diabetes/
- https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/oral-health-pregnancy/
BSP Periodontal Diagnosis
- More in-depth discussion of each of these will be in Year 2 of Applied Clinical Practice within Dental Specialities
- British Society of Periodontology (BSP) periodontal diagnosis can be determined via a flowchart
Key points to consider
- Periodontal disease susceptibility can be increased
- Host response can be either modified or amplified
Modifiable vs Non-modifiable Risk Factors
- Non-modifiable risk factors consist of:
- Ethnicity
- Age
- Gender
- Family History
- Modifiable Risk Factors consist of:
- Abdominal obesity
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Psychosocial factors
- High cholesterol
Non-Microbial Factors
- Genetic factors influence periodontal disease
- Systemic disorders influence periodontal disease
- Sex hormones influence periodontal disease
- Smoking (separate topic)
- Medications
- Stress
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors can be graphically represented
- This includes how obesity and smoking are linked
- Diet/Stress/Control/Hygiene and how they can dictate oral health in general
Systemic Diseases
- Stress can affect periodontal health
- Diabetes Mellitus is linked to periodontal disease
- Leukemias/Neutropenia is linked to periodontal disease
- Down Syndrome is linked to periodontal disease
- Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO) is linked to periodontal disease
- HIV/AIDS is linked to periodontal disease
- Osteoporosis is linked to periodontal disease
- Pregnancy is linked to periodontal disease
Diabetes
- It is important to link the lecture to your own endocrine disease
- History is crucial when dealing with these patients
- 8.5 out of 100 people have diabetes diagnosed or undiagnosed
Oral Health and Diabetes
- Diabetes in the oral cavity needs to be evaluated by the dental professional,
- Assessment includes what you can see in the mouth
- There can be increased medical emergencies risk
- Look for and assess poor control
- Implement the management of appointment
- Provide motivation for control of oral & general health
- Must predict risk now & in future or family members
Sex Hormones and Pregnancy
- Sex hormones are linked to several conditions, and they affect pregnancy
- These can cause the following conditions,
- Puberty
- Contraception
- Pregnancy
- Menopause
- HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy)
- During pregnancy:
- Hormones fluctuate which can cause adverse effects
- Hard tissues are affected through inflammatory mediators, therefore appointment management is key
Puberty and Contraception
- Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and periodontal health can be determined in 15- to 44-year-old U.S. females.
HIV and Oral Health
- Periodontal disease is associated with HIV infection
Other Oral Diseases
- Angular Cheilitis
- Candida
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare inherited immunodeficiency
- This is what happens when immune cells fail to bind to the blood vessel wall so there is no reach to the inflammation/tissue injury
Differential Diagnosis
- When treating patients, it is important to consider that the medications they are using may have a differential diagnosis and oral effects
Stress and Oral Health
- Stress can influence the oral cavity
- Clenching
- Immunosuppression
- Diet
- Motivation
Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis can influence a patient's oral health, therefore patient age, gender, and diet is a factor
The Role of the Dental Professional
- It is important to consider the role as a dental professional
- This includes:
- Detection
- Assessing
- Communication/Education
- Motivation & Coaching
- Delivery
- Re-assessment
- Support
- Monitor
MECC and Oral Health
- MECC is an approach to behavior change
Recommended Reading
- Multiple research papers can be selected for further reading
- https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.907
- https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0403
Image References
- Several website addresses were used to collect and compile information regarding the images used
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