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Questions and Answers

What formula is used to calculate the expected genotype frequencies in a population?

p^3, 3pq, q^3

p + q = 1

(p + q)^2

p^2, 2pq, q^2 (correct)

Which factor is least likely to cause deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Non-random mating

Migration

Random selection (correct)

Genetic drift

If a population's observed genotype frequencies significantly differ from expected frequencies, what could be a possible cause?

Constant allele frequencies

Low mutation rates

Natural selection (correct)

Stable environment

How can allele frequencies in a population be determined?

Through observed data collection Signup and view all the answers

Which genotype frequency represents homozygous recessive individuals?

q^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of allele A in the population?

0.7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected genotype frequency for homozygous recessive individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

0.09 Signup and view all the answers

How would the population be described if observed genotype frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies?

In violation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the observed number of heterozygous individuals given the observed genotype frequency of Aa is 0.4?

80 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Random sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which calculation gives the expected number of AA individuals?

$p^2 \times 200$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of alleles calculated in the provided information?

400 Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred if the observed allele frequency of a is significantly lower than the calculated frequency?

Increased selection against a Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of allele A in a population of 50 individuals with 20 AA, 20 Aa, and 10 aa genotypes?

0.6 Signup and view all the answers

In a population of 200 individuals with the following genotypes (100 AA, 80 Aa, and 20 aa), what is the frequency of genotype aa?

0.2 Signup and view all the answers

Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of genotype AA if allele A frequency is 0.6?

0.36 Signup and view all the answers

How many total alleles are present in a population of 50 individuals with the genotype distribution given?

100 Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of genotype Aa in a population with 50 individuals, of which 20 are AA, 20 are Aa, and 10 are aa?

0.4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values represents the frequency of allele a in a population with 20 AA, 20 Aa, and 10 aa?

0.4 Signup and view all the answers

In a population of 200 individuals, if the frequency of genotype Aa is 0.4, what does this imply about the genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Need more information to determine equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

If the frequency of allele a is 0.4 in a population, what would be the expected frequency of homozygous recessive genotype aa under Hardy-Weinberg principles?

0.16 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Calculation of Allele and Genotype Frequencies

Important for understanding population genetics and genetic variation.
Example population size: 50 individuals with three genotype types: AA, Aa, aa.
Allele A frequency calculation:
- 20 individuals with AA contribute 40 A alleles.
- 20 individuals with Aa contribute 20 A alleles.
- Total A alleles: 60; frequency p = 0.6.
Allele a frequency calculation:
- 10 individuals with aa contribute 20 a alleles.
- 20 individuals with Aa contribute 20 a alleles.
- Total a alleles: 40; frequency q = 0.4.
Genotype frequencies:
- AA: 20/50 = 0.4
- Aa: 20/50 = 0.4
- aa: 10/50 = 0.2

Applying Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Using a population of 200 individuals with genotypes AA, Aa, and aa.
Allele A frequency:
- 100 AA individuals contribute 200 A alleles.
- 80 Aa individuals contribute 80 A alleles.
- Total A alleles: 280; p = 0.7.
Allele a frequency:
- 20 aa individuals contribute 40 a alleles.
- 80 Aa individuals contribute 80 a alleles.
- Total a alleles: 120; q = 0.3.
Expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg:
- AA: p² = 0.49
- Aa: 2pq = 0.42
- aa: q² = 0.09
Expected number of individuals:
- AA: 98, Aa: 84, aa: 18.
Comparison of observed vs expected:
- Observed AA: 100, Aa: 80, aa: 20, indicating the population is approximately in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Analyzing a Real-World Population

Data collection from a specific animal species for analysis.
Similar methods to calculate allele and genotype frequencies apply.
Importance of comparing observed frequencies with expected frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Deviations from expected frequencies may occur due to:
- Natural selection impacting allele frequencies.
- Mutation introducing new alleles into the population.
- Migration affecting genetic diversity.
- Genetic drift leading to random changes in allele frequencies.
- Non-random mating influencing genotype ratios.
Understanding these concepts is crucial for interpreting population dynamics and evolutionary processes.

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Questions and Answers

What formula is used to calculate the expected genotype frequencies in a population?

Which factor is least likely to cause deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

If a population's observed genotype frequencies significantly differ from expected frequencies, what could be a possible cause?

How can allele frequencies in a population be determined?

Which genotype frequency represents homozygous recessive individuals?

What is the frequency of allele A in the population?

What is the expected genotype frequency for homozygous recessive individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

How would the population be described if observed genotype frequencies are significantly different from expected frequencies?

What is the observed number of heterozygous individuals given the observed genotype frequency of Aa is 0.4?

Which factor is NOT typically associated with deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Which calculation gives the expected number of AA individuals?

What is the total number of alleles calculated in the provided information?

What can be inferred if the observed allele frequency of a is significantly lower than the calculated frequency?

What is the frequency of allele A in a population of 50 individuals with 20 AA, 20 Aa, and 10 aa genotypes?

In a population of 200 individuals with the following genotypes (100 AA, 80 Aa, and 20 aa), what is the frequency of genotype aa?

Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of genotype AA if allele A frequency is 0.6?

How many total alleles are present in a population of 50 individuals with the genotype distribution given?

What is the frequency of genotype Aa in a population with 50 individuals, of which 20 are AA, 20 are Aa, and 10 are aa?

Which of the following values represents the frequency of allele a in a population with 20 AA, 20 Aa, and 10 aa?

In a population of 200 individuals, if the frequency of genotype Aa is 0.4, what does this imply about the genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

If the frequency of allele a is 0.4 in a population, what would be the expected frequency of homozygous recessive genotype aa under Hardy-Weinberg principles?

Study Notes

Basic Calculation of Allele and Genotype Frequencies

Applying Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Analyzing a Real-World Population

Studying That Suits You

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