Mga Konseptong Pangwika: Filipino Language

Lesson 1: Mga Konseptong Pangwika (Language Concepts)

• Language serves as an instrument for communication.
• Ethnologue's 2017 report indicates that 7,099 languages are spoken worldwide.
• Filipinos use more than 100 languages across the archipelago.
• Dr. Jovy Peregrino states that language manifests through speech.
• The UP Diksiyonaryo (2001) defines language as a body of words and a system of their use prevalent among a community with a shared cultural tradition and territory.
• Henry Gleason describes language as a systematic structure of spoken sounds chosen and organized arbitrarily for people of a certain culture.
• Webster's New World Dictionary defines language as a system of communication between people through written or symbolic expression.

Kalikasan ng Wika (Nature of Language)

• Language follows a system.
• Language has a structure following grammatical rules to form coherent messages.
• Each language comprises phonemes (meaningful sound units) represented by symbols and letters, forming syllables, words, and morphemes to create phrases and sentences.
• Language is arbitrary.
• The language used by a community is agreed upon by its inhabitants, lacking inherent naming patterns.
  • Examples:
    • Bigas (rice in Tagalog)
    • Begas (rice in Batac, Palawan)
    • Ibon (bird in Tagalog)
    • Ibon (ant in Bisaya)
• Language is vocal.
• Language starts as sounds that, when combined using speech organs, convey meaning.
• The mouth can produce about 600 different sounds (Covar, 2005).
• Language is intertwined with culture, conveying cultural foundations, like traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles.
  • Example: Many agricultural terms in Filipino lack direct equivalents in foreign languages, like "palay," "bigas," "kanin," "bahaw," and "tutong."
• Language is dynamic and changes, evolving with time.
• Modernization, including technology and media, prompts linguistic changes.
  • Examples
    • Reversing words (decade '70): lispu, tomguts, logtu, olats
    • Shortening words (Internet): brb, ikr, gtg, asap, aka, lo
• Language is empowering and can influence or control one's thoughts and actions.

Kahalagahan ng Wika (Importance of Language)

• Language facilitates communication.
• Language enables individuals to convey their sentiments and opinions.
• Language promotes peace and unity.
• Language unites people in a community toward improving their welfare and environment.
• Language assists in progress.
• Language advances human life and social systems.
• Language is vital to culture and history.
• Studying a language is essential for exploring a nation's culture and history.

Mga Konseptong Pangwika (Language Concepts)

• A National Language symbolizes a society's national identity, rooted in its culture.
• In the Philippines, Filipino is the de jure national language with legal basis.
• ARTICLE 14, SECTION 6: The national language of the Philippines is Filipino.
• It should be enriched and developed based on existing languages in the Philippines and other languages.
• Filipino serves as the medium for official communication and instruction in the educational system [Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution].
• A Language of Instruction is the official language used in formal education.

Wikang Opisyal (Official Languages)

• Filipino and English are state languages of the Philippines.
• SECTION 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English.
• Regional languages serve locally as auxiliary official languages in the regions and auxiliary media of instruction there.
• Relating to the use of language in the discussions of government agencies.
• Filipino and English are considered state languages.
• Commonwealth Act No. 570, s. 1940, designates Tagalog as an official language.
• Executive Order No. 96 (1967) mandates the Filipinization of buildings and offices of the government.
• Memorandum Circular No. 172 (1968) directs the use of Filipino on official letterheads.
• Memorandum Circular No. 199 (1968) encourages government employees to attend seminars in Filipino and patronize.
• Memorandum Circular No. 72 (1969) states Filipino will be used in all communication.
• Memorandum Circular No. 384 (1970) designates personnel.
• Executive Order No. 335 (1988) mandates all departments and agencies of the government to take steps to use Filipino in official transactions.

Bilingguwal (Bilingual)

• Refers to an individual who can use two languages proficiently.
• Department Order of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) No. 25, s. 1974
• Bilingual education system promotes Filipino.

Bilingual Education Policy (BEP)

• Approved the Bilingual Policy in the 1987 Constitution.
• Augmented by the sustenance of English as an International language but not exclusively for Science and Technology.
• The distinct use of Filipino and English in teaching.
• Filipino and English as languages of instruction in 1st grade.
• Vernacular dialects as auxiliary language.
• Both English and Filipino will be taught.

Multilingguwalismo (Multilingualism)

• An individual speaks more than two dialects of a language.
• Subject of Department Order 16, s. 2012: Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE).
• Starts by choosing 12 language and assign it to schools in 2012-2013.
  • Subjects depend on Department order 28, s. 2013.
  • It becomes the language of instruction for grades K-3
  • After the grades, the Filipino and English subjects are taught and become more proficient.
• Diyalekto (Dialect): Form of language based on geographical location.
  • It is a variety in langauge (Geronimo et.al, 2016).
  • WIKA (LANG):
    • Tagalog
  • DIYALEKTO (DIALECT):
    • Tagalog-Rizal, Tagalog-Mindoro, Tagalog-Cavite
• Idyolek (Idiolect): Language based on how an idividual communicates
  • Examples: "Hindi ka namin tatantanan", "Go, go, go", 'di umano"

Sosyolek (Sociolect)

• Varies the languages used by speech communities with respect to level, education, and age.
• The language being more aligned to lifestyle interest and gender.
  • Youth: "G!, mhie", "arat!", NGL"
  • Doctor: BP, "endoscope", "Xray"
• Unang Wika (First Langauge): A language being used by members of the community.

Pangalawang Wika (Second Language)

• Any languages being used by communities after learning the first one.
• Can be different katutubo, national, or the country.
• Lesson 2: Roles in language
• Michael Halliday: Created a book, Exploration in the Functions of Language (1973).

Sitwasyonal Kongteksto ni Firth

• The way of using languages depending on the context depending on the exactness.
• Outlines how to analyze things:
  • Analysis including non-verbal communication.
    • Who are you talking to?
    • Is it trustworthy?
    • Is it real?

Instrumental

• Defines a prefference, desire, decision of an individual speaking.
  • Sayings the pros or cons.
  • Giving an opinoion.
  • Applying to jobs.

Regulatori (Regulatorary)

• Being spoken to using power and controlling it.
• Used to convince the listeners to say.
• Examples: Signal, memorandum, news articles.

Heuristiko (Heuristic)

• Occurs in question and answer style and is a medium for information.
  • Examples: Interview, Studies, questions

Interaksyonal (Interactional)

• Express social interaction.
• Examples: Catching up with someone.

Personal (Personal)

• Expressing youself without making something need to be said.

Imahinatibo (Imaginative)

• Exploring creativity.
• Being playful or writing a story based on something.

Representatibo (Representary)

• Stating what is important data to the matter.

Dell Hymes

• The communication must understand other elements that occur, like the setting.

Apat na Komponent ng Kakayahang Komunikatibo (Four Components of Communicative Ability)

• Kakayahang Lingguwistik (Linguistic Capability)
  • In any communication, those that will are important in following the sentence structure.
  • The characteristics allow you in formation for the language.
    • Ponolohikal (Phonological): sounds and the language
    • Morpolohikal (Morphological): The study for each person
    • Sintaktik (Syntactic): Grammar rules
    • Semantika (Semantics): Vocabulary

Tamang Gamit ng mga Salita (Correct Use of Words)

• Tamang gamit ng "nang"
  • Halimbawa: Nang dumating ang pangulo.
  • Halimbawa: Napasigaw nang malakas si Revi.
  • Halimbawa: Tahol nang tahol ang aso.
  • Halimbawa: Ayusin ng ating alkalde ang kanyang pamumuno nang manumbalik ang tiwala natin sa kapwa.
  • Halimbawa: Tumigil ka nang magsukal.
• Tamang gamit ng "ng"
  • Halimbawa: Ang bagong mansyon ng pamilya Marquez.
  • Halimbawa: Naglilinis ng kapaligiran.
  • Halimbawa: Tahol nang tahol ang aso.
  • Halimbawa: Umalis ng umaga.
• Tamang gamit ng "may"
  • Halimbawa: May lalaking naglalakad. May nag rally. May magandang babae.
• Tamang gamit ng "mayroon"
  • Halimbawa: Mayroon kayang kabataan sa kasalukuyan. Mayroon Siyang malaking problema. Mayroon kaming pagpupulong sa lunes..
• Tamang gamit ng gitling “-”
  • Halimabawa: Lima-lima; sari-sarili
  • Halimbawa: Pag-ibig, nag-aral.
  • Halimbawa:Ika-14, ika-10
  • Halimbawa: Lakad-pagong, agaw-buhay -Halimbawa: Nag-reply = nagreplay

Speaking (ni dell hymes)

• Setting; the place and place for speech
• Participants; the people around speaking/communicating
• Ends; the kinalabasan ng pag-uusap
• kakayahang Sosyolingguwistik
  • gumagamit ng wika na nangangailangan ng pag-unawa sa konteksto ng lipunan kung saan niya ito gingamit.

Kakayahang Pragmatik (Pragmatic Ability)

• Refers to the ability to use language appropriately in different social and cultural situations.
• According to Maggay in 2002 "pahiwatig" is an element of native.
• Pahiwatig (implies) pagpapahayag with respect that's related to pangyayaring.

Komunikasyong Di-Berbal (Non-Verbal Communication)

• Proxemics; makikita sa distansya or espasyo between parties.
• Paralanguage; tumutukoy sa tono, diin, at bigkas ng paasalita.
• Ekspresyon sa Mukha(Pictics): pag-aaral mukha ng ating nararamdamn.
• Galaw ng Mata (Oculesics): pag-aral sa galaw ng mata
  • Vocalics; this is a way how express yourself with di-lingguwistikong.
  • Chronemics; paga-gamit ng oras example is to be Kaakibatan
  • Pandemic or paghawak Haptics; tungkol sa hahawak, hipo
  • bagay (objectives); ang pagagamit sa mga parts ng pakikipagtalastasan.

Wika sa Pilipinas

• Tagalog Pilipino
• Dahilan ng pag papalit dahil iba`t ibang Tagalog
• Panghihiram ng mga Titik sa Alpabetong Ingles at Filipino sa Edukasyon

Mga Sitwasyiong Palawika (Language Situations)

• Wikang Filipino sa Lipunang Pilipino sa Wikang FIliipino, wikang English

Panahon ng Amerikano (American Period)

• Agosto 13 1898, Dumantinig Dumating andg mga Americano
• Hunyo 3, 1990 Sinimulan ni William howard
• Marso 21, 1901 Pagparaan monolingual

Caleb Saleeby (Caleb Saleeby)

• Naging Mabisa
• Komisyon ng Monroe -Ideolohikal and pagkaksakop

Panahon ng Hapon (Japanese Period)

• Gintong Pahanon and wikang Tagalog Ang wikang Hapon
• Hulyo 24 1942- Ang panahoan na nagsasaad sa tagalong.

Panahon ng Bagong Repulica

Tagalog Pilipino Constantino(1996) Ang wikak ay panlipunan

Eraserheads and Bamboo

• Yano at the Jerks: Naging replekyson ng mga edsa
• Fe Aldave Yap (2012)- Mga wika tungkol sa bansa.

Komunikasyong Di Berbal (Non Verbal Communication)

• Proksemika Ito ay makikita bataysa -Paralanguage

Pahiwatig Bilang Kakayahang Pnagmat

• Ipopaahay ang pananagutan sa nga nanonood dito. at nagpapahalag sa kontekisto.
• Propesyonal/Intelktuwal and Tabid/Impormal na pamahayag.

Wikang Ganit sa Dabiod

• Kadalasan nakasentro ang Krimen at Sex