Life of Prophet Muhammad: Family and Birth

Life up to First Revelation

Family of Holy Prophet

• The Prophet was born into the Quraish tribe, the caretakers of Ka'abah, holding a position of honor in Arabian society.
• The Prophet's family belonged to "BanuHashim."
• Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet's grandfather, had twelve sons, including Hazrat Abdullah.
• Abdul Muttalib married his son Abdullah to Aminah who belonged to the Zehra tribe.
• Hazrat Abdullah traveled to Syria after the marriage and died in Madinah on his way back, and he was buried there.

Birth

• A few months elapsed after the passing of the Prophet's father and Bibi Aminah's return to Makkah. Reports vary, stating either 2 or 6 months.
• The Prophet was born on a Monday morning of 9th/12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, corresponding to 570/571 A.D.
• His grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, rejoiced upon hearing the news of his birth.
• He held the Prophet, kissed his forehead, pressed him to his heart, and performed the tawaf of the Ka'abah.
• He named him Muhammad, a name that was new at the time, meaning "the praised one".
• Hazrat Aminah nursed the Prophet for a few days, after which Sobia, Abu Lahab's freed slave girl, nursed him for a few days.
• Significant miracles were said to have occurred at the time of his birth, including the cracking and rolling down of fourteen galleries of Kisra's palace and the extinguishing of the magicians' sacred fire.

Upbringing by Halima Sadia

• It was common for Arabs living in towns to send children to Bedouin wet nurses so they grew up in healthier desert settings to learn the pure Arabic language.
• Not long after the Prophet's birth, wet nurses arrived in Makkah, but no one offered to take him because he was an orphan and they did not expect high wages.
• Halima Saadia from the Banu Sa'ad tribe accepted the Prophet after consulting her husband, despite not finding any other baby.

Allah's Mercy

• On their return to Bani Sa'ad, their donkey, previously slow, ran very fast and outpaced other women. Some accounts mention she rode a she-camel.
• A she-camel, whose milk was insufficient for one person, now provided enough for the whole family.
• Their barren land started producing lush grass.
• She became well-off after living in poverty before the Prophet's arrival.
• After two years, Hazrat Haleema requested to keep the Prophet longer, and Hazrat Aminah accepted.

Chest Cut Story

• Hazrat Anas narrated in Sahih Muslim, Jibrael came down, opened the Prophet's chest, took out his heart, extracted a blood clot, and said, "That was the part of Satan in you."
• He then washed it with Zamzam water in a gold basin, rejoined the heart, and restored it to its place.
• Playmates reported to his nurse that Muhammad was murdered, only to find him alright but with a white face.
• It's reported that angels preserved the sign of Prophethood between the Prophet's shoulders.
• The Prophet was four years old at that time.
• Following this event, Hazrat Haleema returned the Prophet to his mother, whom he stayed with until he was six.

Death of Hazrat Aminah

• Hazrat Aminah took the Prophet to Madinah to visit her late husband's grave, with Hazrat Umm e Aiman and Abdul Mutallib accompanying them.
• On the way back, Hazrat Aminah passed away and was buried at "Abwa."
• Abdul Mutallib now took custody of Muhammad.
• He showed him more love than other children and instructed his uncles not to scold him.
• When he was eight years old, his grandfather passed away.
• Before his death, he entrusted him to Abu Talib, his uncle and next leader of the tribe, who treated him like his son and never ate a meal nor slept without caring for him.

1st Visit to Syria and Bahira the Monk

• After the age of 12, Abu Talib planned a trip to Syria with the Quraish caravan and took his nephew along.
• During this trip, at Basra, a Christian monk named Jurjais (Bahira) met the caravan.
• Bahira predicted an outstanding future for the Prophet, saying he would bring a message of mercy for all beings.
• He explained that all stones and trees prostrated themselves when they appeared from the direction of 'Aqabah', a sign exclusive to prophets.
• He also recognized him by the seal of Prophethood, an apple-like mark below his shoulder.
• Fearing the Jews in Syria, Bahira advised Abu Talib to send him back to Makkah.
• Abu Talib obeyed and sent him back to Makkah with servants.

Harb-ul-Fijar

• When the Prophet was 14/15 years old, a war erupted between the Quraish and the Qais tribe over a trivial revenge issue.
• It was known as Al Fajar because it continued even in months considered unlawful for fighting, hence sacrilegious.
• The Prophet did not engage in hand-to-hand fighting nor charged at the enemy.
• His role was limited to collecting arrows for reuse by his side's archers.
• The war lasted about four years without a clear victor.

Half-ul-Fuzul

• A peace agreement named Half ul Fadhul was formed shortly after, with many pledging to abide by it.
• The Messenger of Allah praised this league: "I witnessed a confederacy in the house of Abdullah bin Judan... Even in the period of Islam I would respond positively to attend such meeting if I were invited".

Titles of Al-Sadiq and Al-Amin

• The virtues, uprightness, honesty, and trustworthiness were known throughout Arabia, leading people to call him As-Sadiq and Al-Amin.
• As the Prophet grew up and began trading, people appreciated his fair dealings and graceful behavior.
• A companion, HazratSa'ib, shared his experience as a business partner, noting the fair dealings consistently made.

2nd Visit to Syria and Marriage with H. Khadija

• By the age of 22-23, the Prophet's exemplary character had become widely recognized.
• Hazrat Khadija, a reputable and wealthy businesswoman, sought a man of excellent character to manage her business, following her father's passing in the battle of Fajar.
• He was recommended by many notables, stating she would pay him twice as much as others if he took her merchandise to Syria.
• The Prophet, with Abu Talib's approval, accepted the offer and traveled to Syria.
• Maysara, her slave, shadowed the Prophet and reported his exemplary behavior and conduct.
• The trip was successful returning to Makkah.
• Maysarah lauded the Prophet's virtues and trading skills: "Among all the young men of Makkah whom I know well, there are none comparable to Muhammad."
• Hazrat Khadija was already aware of the Prophet's future as an Apostle, predicted by Waraqa bin Naufil, and impressed by his qualities.
• She sent a marriage proposal through her close friend Nafisa.
• After consulting with Abu Talib, the Prophet accepted Khadija's proposal.
• The marriage took place within three months of his return from Syria.
• Abu Talib solemnized the Nikkah; the Prophet was 25 and Hazrat Khadija was 40 years old.

Fixing of Black Stone

• Heavy rains and flooding damaged the walls of the Kaabah leading to the decision to reconstruct the building.
• Abu Wahab bin Amr suggested using only pure money for the cause because Allah only accepts pure contributions.
• The people, including the Prophet, actively contributed physically and financially.
• A disagreement arose among the tribes when it was time to place the Hajr e Aswad (Black Stone).
• Each tribe wanted to be honored, leading to quarrels and unsheathed swords.
• After four days of dispute, Umayyah Bin Mughera suggested letting the first to enter Al Safa decide the matter.
• The Prophet was the first to enter, and they cried out: "It is Muhammad Al Amin! We will abide by his decision".
• The Prophet laid out a large sheet, put the Hajr-e-Aswad (Blackstone) on it, and directed each tribe leader to hold a corner to place it where it belonged.
• Then he lifted the stone himself and set it in the designated corner.
• The Prophet's wisdom and intelligence averted a major war.
• The Prophet was 35 years old at this time.

Inclined to Allah

• At 32 or 33, he developed a love for seclusion and privacy.
• He naturally hated polytheism.
• During a meeting, he refused to eat food dedicated to idols, telling Zaid Bin Amr "We do not eat food from the foods that was offered to idols".
• During hours of privacy, he pondered the divine powers and praised his Lord.
• The closer he drew to forty, the more he felt attracted to privacy.

Preaching of Islam

Brief Background

• In Ramadhan, the Prophet encountered the archangel Gabriel, who brought God's message and guidance.
• This marked the start of his prophethood.
• He naturally began his mission at home, reaching out to close associates.
• He called toward Islam those who would attest to the truth.
• Initially, he preached silently, following divine orders.
• He began inviting his wife, friends, and family members.
• Approximately 40 members accepted Islam within a few years.
• Hazrat Khadija was the first to learn about his experience in Cave Hira, and she recognized him as extraordinary.
• She accepted the true faith and became the first Muslim woman.
• His childhood friend, Hazrat Abu Bakr, believed in him upon hearing about the mission and became the first Muslim man.
• Hazrat Ali became the first Muslim child, and Hazrat Zaid bin Harith became the first Muslim among the slaves.
• Many others believed and were later added to the Ashra Mubashra.
• The Makkans didn't pay much attention because these followers were few.

Silent Preaching

• Later, Muhammad received orders from Allah to preach among family members.
• The Quran references this in Surah Shua'ra: "And admonish your nearest kinsmen".
• He gathered his clan, Banu Hashim, to his home.
• He sought to address them and invite them towards Tawhid (the oneness of God).
• He expressed that he would offer happiness, but Abu Lahab interrupted, stopping him in his tracks.
• The Prophet said, "No Arab has offered to his nation more precious advantages than those I bring you, I offer you happiness in the world and the life to come. Who among you will aid me in this task?"
• The next day, he invited them towards the new religion, telling them about his mission and Prophet hood after dinner.
• The family showed rude reactions.
• Abu Talib supported him.
• Hazrat Ali, being young, also supported whenever prompted.
• Ali said, "I am the youngest of you, I may be a boy, my feet may be not strong enough, but O Muhammad, I shall be your helper. Whoever opposes you, I shall fight him as a mortal enemy".
• During these years, Muslims met secretly to share news in Hazrat Arqam's house (Dar-e-Arqam), the first Islamic community centre.

Open Preaching

• After three years of private preaching, Muhammad received divine orders to publicly announce his mission.
• This is mentioned in Surah Hijr: "Therefore expound openly what you are commanded and turn away from those who join false gods with Allah".
• He went on Mount Saffah to call upon the Makkans (Quraish) towards the unity of Allah.
• At Mount Saffah, he asked the Quraish if they would believe him if had they told them that horsemen were waiting in the nearby valley to raid them..
• The Quraish said "Yes, we have always witnessed the truth from you".
• He invited them to Islam, asked them to worship One Allah and declared that he was the chosen Messenger of Allah, a Warner before a severe torment.
• Abu Lahab responded: "Perish you all the day! Have you summoned us for such a thing?"
• He was shocked and looked towards his uncle.
• Allah consoled him and revealed the verses on that occasion regarding Abu Lahab.
• Despite the reaction, he continued inviting different clans and reaching pilgrims of Ka'bah..
• He fulfilled the commandment to preach to every ear.
• However, open preaching resulted in few conversions.
• Around the same time, the Prophet set up the house of Hazrat Arqam (RA) as an educational institution by the Mount of Safa.
• New converts would learn the teachings of Islam at this institution.
• It became a crowded place where the Prophet would lead prayers.
• The house is known as the House of Islam, where as many as 200 people converted.

Persecution on Prophet

Background

• The Holy Prophet preached within his clan and whenever he could afterwards.
• The members of his clan (Banu Hashim) reacted rudely.
• Three years later, Allah told him to publicly share his message.
• Muhammad gathered the Quraish on Mount Saffah and shared the message of unity of Allah.
• The public declaration of Mohammad's message lead to a lot more people converting
• The Quraish became and experienced increased insecurities socially economically and religiously.
• Opposing the Prophet and jeering at him.
• The Quraish realised Mohammad was the cause of their anger.
• The leaders of the Quraish decided to oppose and persecute him as per their power.

Mental and Verbal Torture

• Whenever the Prophet tried to preach a group, the pagans dispersed the crowd before he had a chance to speak.

• The non-believers began calling Prophet "Muhammam" (intensely condemned) instead of Muhammad (praise worthy).

• Abu Lahab ordered his sons to divorce their wives, the Prophet's daughters.

• The Quraish spreaded rumors of Mohammad being a magician to prevent the common people.

• They called him a magician, the liar and the poet when he shared revelation with them.

• They also called him Abtar on the death of his second son in infancy. To console Mohammad Allah sent verses of Surah Kauthar. It states: "Verily, we have granted you the Abundance. Indeed, he who hates you, will be cut off (from future's hopes)". (108:1-3) Al-Kauthar.

• The Makkans mocked the Prophet and claimed his God had abandoned him when there was a hiatus in revelations. Surah Duha was revealed to console him.

• Utba bin Rabi'ah offered the Prophet money, status, leadership, and medical services to cease his preaching in an attempt to end the divisions within the city.

• The Prophet refused, reciting Surah 41, which impressed Utba.

• Quraish asked the Prophet to worship their gods, Lat and Uzza, for a year to find a compromise" and "they would worship his God for the same space of time”.

• Mohammad turned down rejected an offer of worship and recited the following verse: "to you be your religion, and to me mine.” (109:6) Al-Kafiroon

• The Makkans asked Abu Talib to restrain his nephew or give him up to them. On this occasion when Abu Talib conveyed their message to the Prophet.

• He replied: “O my Uncle! If they placed the sun on my right hand and the moon on my left to force me to give up my mission, verily I would not do it, until Allah made me victorious, or I died (in the struggle)."

• Quraish boycotted Abu Talib, his family, Banu Hashim. Prophet , and his loyal supporters excluding few who were Prophet's enemies like Abu Lahab.

• For the security of Prophet Abu Talib took him and others to a valley named Shib. Muhammad and others spent three years in severe hunger, thirst and heat. After three years of boycott the boycott was lifted by Quraish due to the intervention of few generous members of the society of Makkah. Soon after this Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija died in the tenth year of prophet hood. Their death brought grief in his life, for this reason the year in which they died came to be known as 'The Year of Grief'.

Physical Torture

• Their cruelties became more intensified when they tortured him physically.
• An old woman petted rubbish upon him whenever he passed by her street.
• Abu Lahab and Umme Jamil threw thorns and remainings of animals on his ways.
• Uqba bin Abi Mu'it stayed to the side by Prophet by calling him Muhammad, as he caught the opportunity he laid the on the Prophet's back and shoulder.
• Prophet Prophet remained in that condition until Hazrat Fatima came and removed the filth from her Father's back
• Ubqa bin Abi Mu'it waited for Prophet to place his forehead on the ground. He then placed his foot on Prophet's neck and pressed down with all his weight until Prophet eyes swelled.
• The Prophet was strangled by Ubqa bin bin Abi Abi Mu'it Mu'it sheet and the sheet was put around his neck.
• Ummayah bin Khalaf would taunt hum before the people of Makkah.
• Similarly his brother Ubai bin Khalaf crumbled a rotten and threw it in the face of Prophet .
• Abu Jahal took a stone and crack Prophet head which began to bleed.
• Uqbah spit on on Prophet faces after ordered by his friend Ubai bin Khalaf to do it .
• Utaibah bin Abi Lahab layed his violent hand on him, tore his shirt and spat on prophet's face but his saliva missed prophet's face.
• Mohammad reflected one of the biggest models of magnanimity and rather than seeking revenge he forgave his tortures and prayed for them

Persecution on Followers

Background

• The Prophet holy prophet started preaching from his clan.
• After three years holy prophet ordered by Allah to go with his message on public.
• Muhammad gathered Quraish on mount of Saffah. There then Mohammad shared the message of unity of Allah.
• The public declaration Mohammad's message made the made the Quraish Quraish furious and and developed social economical and religious insecurities.
• The open invitation to Allah's message brought hostility and opposition to the Prophet and his followers.
• The leaders of Quraish, persecuted the Prophe and followers and sacrificed for the noble cause of Allah

Hazrat Abu Bakar

• Hazrat Abu Bakar was considered and to be the noblest of all people and was beaten severely to such an extent that his nose and ears and his entire face was bloodstained.
• When the Prophet was strangulated by Uqbah bin Abi Mu'it, Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) came and caught him with his shoulder and pushed him away from the Prophet.
• He was kicked and was thrashed with shoes and trampled
• Abu Bakr became unconscious and half dead and survived with this fierce attack and eventually he served his services to Islam.

Hazrat Usman

• Hazrat Usman's uncle who was the tribal bead of Banu Umayyah enrolled him in palm leaves and setting up a fire underneath for suffocation.
• He was locked in the room , and was not given any water, and he fainted.

Hazrat Ammar and his parents

• Hazrat Ammar and his parents were being subjected with severest afflictions.
• They were tormented on the burning sands of Makkah.
• The Prophet passed on them would enjoin patience and give them glad tidings about paradise
• Hazrat Yasir died at the hands of persecutors, and his mother Hazrat Summayyah was killed by Abu Jahal and put his spear through the most private part of her body, and causing her death.
• She had refused to renounce Islam in in the face race of extreme torture in her old age. The blessed lady was the first one to have received martyrdom in the cause of Islam.

Hazrat Bilal

• Bilal also known as the "Muazzin".
• He was abyssinian and a slave of Umayyah bin Khalaf.
• When their master knew his religion he created hot sand lie and put a heavy stone on his chest
• Slave owner demanded they give up their religion, else they would be suffocated to death
• Hazrat Bilal Bilal Uttered: Uttered: ahad ahad (Allah is one), And would rope and drag the urchids in the street.
• Later was feed to Hazrat Abu

Hazrat Khabbab

• Hazrat Khabbab the Khhabbad also offered them selves for sacrifice and sufferings for cause if Allah.

• The Prophet was visiting him with armour.

• He was a slave of Umm e Ammar.

• Umm e Ammar would branded a head a hot rod iron

• Hazrat Umar inquired about details of details of Umm e Umm e Ammas e Ammas after after embrace embrace Islam;

• He showed him his back, and Hazrat Umar remarked; I seen never seen such a back.

• All these followers said "my body was dragged over loads of flaming charcoal, and the blood and fat coming out of my back put out the fire."

Hazrat Zunayra

• Was a slave in Hazrat Umar's family.
• Was a slave in Hazrat Umar’s family.
• After Islam she was beaten badly by Hazrat Umar and given such a solid beating she lost her eyesight
• After years after recovered after Sorcery.
• Bakar bought and got free set.

Hazrat Lubinah

• Slave Munmil bin hamin
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