IT Architecture Overview and Evolution
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a general component of IT architecture?

  • Computer hardware platforms
  • Enterprise software applications
  • User experience design (correct)
  • Networking/telecommunications platforms

    • The Personal Computer Era began in 1981 and is ongoing.

    True

    What law is related to the increasing number of connected devices and their value?

    Metcalfe's Law

    The __________ era of IT architecture started in 2000 and is focused on cloud and mobile computing.

    <p>Cloud and Mobile Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the layers of IT architecture with their functions:

    <p>Business Application Layer = User-facing applications Service Layer = Middleware that facilitates communication Infrastructure Layer = Physical hardware and networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trends leads to the need for future-proofing in IT architecture?

    <p>Rapid technological advance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Standardisation in IT architecture refers to using different products from various vendors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one technology driver impacting IT architecture evolution.

    <p>Cloud Computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using Application Service Providers?

    <p>Always available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integration in IT architecture helps avoid data duplication.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of IT architecture?

    <p>Business Application Layer, Service Layer, Infrastructure Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base layer architecture includes hardware, network, systems software, and __________.

    <p>General Purpose Application Software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of enterprises with their characteristics:

    <p>Small Medium Enterprises = Generally no IT department and outsource IT planning Large Enterprises = Have an internal IT department that handles planning Application Service Providers = Always updated and pay-as-you-go model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a benefit of IT architecture?

    <p>Increases data redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Governance structures in small medium enterprises typically involve a dedicated IT department.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are determined by evaluating current ICT costs?

    <p>Current technology trends and market demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Total Cost of Ownership include?

    <p>Direct costs and indirect costs like downtime, training, and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The installation cost is a component of Total Cost of Ownership.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BYOD stand for?

    <p>Bring Your Own Device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total Cost of Ownership includes ______ costs such as installation and support.

    <p>acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Downtime = Period when a system is unavailable Running Costs = Ongoing expenses for operating a system Maintenance = Activities to keep a system operational Training = Educating users on the system's usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component in creating an IT architecture plan?

    <p>Encrypting Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Business strategy should be aligned with IT infrastructure requirements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one area to assess when determining ICT costs.

    <p>Running Costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an IT architecture plan, one must assess market ______ to align technology with business needs.

    <p>demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors should be collated when matching requirements to technology?

    <p>Business strategy and market demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IT Architecture

    • IT architecture is a set of physical devices and software applications needed to operate an entire enterprise
    • It's also firm-wide services managed and comprising both human and technical capabilities
    • Key components include computer hardware, operating systems, enterprise software, data management, networking/telecommunication platforms, internet platforms, and system integration services

    IT Architecture Evolution

    • General-Purpose Mainframe and Minicomputer Era (1959-Present): Early computer systems.
    • Personal Computer Era (1981-Present): Rise of personal computers.
    • Client/Server Era (1983-Present): Networked computing systems.
    • Enterprise Computing Era (1992-Present): Integrated enterprise systems.
    • Cloud and Mobile Computing Era (2000-Present): Cloud-based and mobile applications.

    Technology Drivers

    • Moore's Law: Rapid increase in processing power.
    • Mass Digital Storage: Increased availability and affordability of storage.
    • Metcalfe's Law: Value of a network increases with the number of users.
    • Cloud Computing: Access to computing resources over the internet.
    • Mobile Devices: Increased use of mobile computing devices.
    • BYOD (Bring Your Own Device): Employees using their own devices for work.

    Considerations in IT Architecture

    • Future Proofing: Designing systems to accommodate future technological advances.
    • Standardization: Using the same products from the same vendors for consistency, reducing maintenance and training needs.
    • Integration: Ensuring different systems work together seamlessly to avoid information silos.

    Base Layer Architecture

    • Hardware: Physical components of the system.
    • Network: Communication infrastructure.
    • Systems Software: Operating systems and utilities.
    • General-Purpose Application Software: Software for common tasks.

    Application Service Providers

    • Key Benefits: Ubiquitous, always available and updated, pay-as-you-go model
    • Disadvantages: Limited functionality, vendor control of software and data.

    Governance Structures

    • Small-medium enterprises: Generally no dedicated IT team, IT planning part of management function, outsourcing may occur.
    • Large enterprises: Internal IT department, IT planning often delegated to a specific team, supervision and strategy belong to management.

    Determining IT Investment

    • Business Strategy: Alignment with broader business goals.
    • ICT Assessment: Evaluation of existing technology costs and capabilities.
    • Market Demand: Assess current and potential market needs.
    • Competitor Services: Study competitor offerings to improve offerings.

    Total Cost of Ownership

    • Technology costs are frequently more than direct costs alone; factors include downtime costs, acquisition, running, maintenance and training costs.

    Creating an IT Architecture Plan

    • Step-by-step process for creating a plan, including determining requirements, collecting requirements, matching with technology, and creating the final plan.

    BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)

    • Identify reasons for allowing employees to use their own devices to work.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of IT architecture, including its essential components and the key eras of technological evolution. From mainframes to cloud computing, this quiz covers the major developments that have shaped enterprise IT systems. Understand the technology drivers that facilitate these changes and their implications for the future.

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