Podcast
Questions and Answers
What fundamental principle, according to the UDHR preamble, serves as the bedrock for global freedom, justice, and peace?
What fundamental principle, according to the UDHR preamble, serves as the bedrock for global freedom, justice, and peace?
- Recognition of inherent dignity and equal, inalienable rights of all humans. (correct)
- Unanimous global agreement on the interpretation of human rights.
- The establishment of secular state cultures worldwide.
- The enforcement of international treaties and agreements.
Which of the following reflects a core tenet of Article 2 of the UDHR regarding entitlement to rights and freedoms?
Which of the following reflects a core tenet of Article 2 of the UDHR regarding entitlement to rights and freedoms?
- Rights are prioritized according to national origin and social status.
- Entitlement to rights requires adherence to specific political and religious beliefs.
- Rights and freedoms are universally applicable, irrespective of individual characteristics. (correct)
- Rights are granted based on an individual's contribution to society.
Article 7 of the UDHR emphasizes which key principle regarding legal protection?
Article 7 of the UDHR emphasizes which key principle regarding legal protection?
- Equal protection under the law is guaranteed for all, without discrimination. (correct)
- Protection against discrimination applies solely to violations of domestic law.
- Legal protection is conditional based on an individual's socio-economic background.
- Legal rights are determined by the prevailing political opinions within a jurisdiction.
According to Frances Raday, what historical shift significantly influenced the origins of the rights articulated in the UDHR?
According to Frances Raday, what historical shift significantly influenced the origins of the rights articulated in the UDHR?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between human rights covenants and conflict resolution?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between human rights covenants and conflict resolution?
Since 1948, how has the commitment articulated in the UDHR primarily been translated into tangible legal forms?
Since 1948, how has the commitment articulated in the UDHR primarily been translated into tangible legal forms?
What did the shift from status to contract during the Enlightenment emphasize concerning individual rights and obligations?
What did the shift from status to contract during the Enlightenment emphasize concerning individual rights and obligations?
How did the emphasis on rationalism, contrasting with faith, impact the formulation of human rights principles during the Enlightenment?
How did the emphasis on rationalism, contrasting with faith, impact the formulation of human rights principles during the Enlightenment?
According to Nicholas Burnett, what is the primary goal of inclusive education?
According to Nicholas Burnett, what is the primary goal of inclusive education?
The content mentions the challenge of reconciling competing rights. Which example is specifically addressed?
The content mentions the challenge of reconciling competing rights. Which example is specifically addressed?
What is the instrumental argument for valuing diversity at a social level?
What is the instrumental argument for valuing diversity at a social level?
According to Darwin, how does genetic diversity contribute to the survival of species?
According to Darwin, how does genetic diversity contribute to the survival of species?
What evolutionary process does the adaptation of humans to different climates and food sources exemplify?
What evolutionary process does the adaptation of humans to different climates and food sources exemplify?
How does valuing diversity in schools contribute to desirable social outcomes?
How does valuing diversity in schools contribute to desirable social outcomes?
What is the distinction between individual and group rights highlighted in the content?
What is the distinction between individual and group rights highlighted in the content?
Which of the following is an example of addressing diversity by adapting to selective pressures?
Which of the following is an example of addressing diversity by adapting to selective pressures?
According to Article 13(2) of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which of the following is NOT an essential feature of education?
According to Article 13(2) of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which of the following is NOT an essential feature of education?
The UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education mandates that standards of education:
The UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education mandates that standards of education:
Which of the following best describes the focus of Article 5(a) of the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education?
Which of the following best describes the focus of Article 5(a) of the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education?
What key provision concerning parental rights is included in Article 5(b) of the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education?
What key provision concerning parental rights is included in Article 5(b) of the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education?
According to the texts, what is the role of legislation in ensuring non-discrimination in education, as highlighted by the UNESCO Convention?
According to the texts, what is the role of legislation in ensuring non-discrimination in education, as highlighted by the UNESCO Convention?
Which aspect of education is emphasized by both Article 13(1) of the Covenant and Article 5(a) of the UNESCO Convention?
Which aspect of education is emphasized by both Article 13(1) of the Covenant and Article 5(a) of the UNESCO Convention?
Considering the principles outlined in both the Covenant and the UNESCO Convention, how should educational systems adapt to societal changes?
Considering the principles outlined in both the Covenant and the UNESCO Convention, how should educational systems adapt to societal changes?
How do the documents approach the concept of 'accessibility' in education?
How do the documents approach the concept of 'accessibility' in education?
According to the content, how might teachers inadvertently perpetuate social inequality?
According to the content, how might teachers inadvertently perpetuate social inequality?
What is the primary difference between single-loop and double-loop learning?
What is the primary difference between single-loop and double-loop learning?
What does 'reflective practice' involve, according to Schon?
What does 'reflective practice' involve, according to Schon?
According to the content, what is a key characteristic of social capital?
According to the content, what is a key characteristic of social capital?
How does Putnam characterize the role of social capital in education?
How does Putnam characterize the role of social capital in education?
What is the relationship between social capital and opportunity gaps?
What is the relationship between social capital and opportunity gaps?
What is the primary purpose of engaging in double-loop learning in the context of cultural capital?
What is the primary purpose of engaging in double-loop learning in the context of cultural capital?
Which of the following best describes the application of Argyris and Schon's learning theories to understanding cultural capital in educational settings?
Which of the following best describes the application of Argyris and Schon's learning theories to understanding cultural capital in educational settings?
According to Mulford's conceptualization of social capital within education systems, which type focuses on the collaborative relationships established between different schools?
According to Mulford's conceptualization of social capital within education systems, which type focuses on the collaborative relationships established between different schools?
In the context of cultural capital in schools, what is the primary challenge when dealing with students from diverse backgrounds?
In the context of cultural capital in schools, what is the primary challenge when dealing with students from diverse backgrounds?
According to Gramsci, how does hegemony function beyond mere political and economic control?
According to Gramsci, how does hegemony function beyond mere political and economic control?
What impact does the feeling of safety in a school environment have on a child's overall development, according to the passage?
What impact does the feeling of safety in a school environment have on a child's overall development, according to the passage?
In what way did Gramsci describe hegemony's control over society?
In what way did Gramsci describe hegemony's control over society?
How might a school system implement double-loop learning to accommodate diverse cultural capital?
How might a school system implement double-loop learning to accommodate diverse cultural capital?
Which level of social capital, as defined by Mulford, is most concerned with the relationships among teachers, staff and administrators within a single school?
Which level of social capital, as defined by Mulford, is most concerned with the relationships among teachers, staff and administrators within a single school?
How did Gramsci view educational structures within the framework of hegemony?
How did Gramsci view educational structures within the framework of hegemony?
When research indicates a small gender difference, such as d = 0.20, what is the most accurate interpretation?
When research indicates a small gender difference, such as d = 0.20, what is the most accurate interpretation?
What is the primary risk of basing educational policies on small-magnitude gender differences reported in research?
What is the primary risk of basing educational policies on small-magnitude gender differences reported in research?
What is the most influential role of economics in addressing diversities in education, according to the text?
What is the most influential role of economics in addressing diversities in education, according to the text?
How does reliance on local property taxes for school funding impact educational diversity, particularly in a country like the United States?
How does reliance on local property taxes for school funding impact educational diversity, particularly in a country like the United States?
At which levels should education be examined to understand human diversity?
At which levels should education be examined to understand human diversity?
Which facet of education does the text highlight as being influenced by state vs private control?
Which facet of education does the text highlight as being influenced by state vs private control?
Which control dynamic influences accommodation to differences?
Which control dynamic influences accommodation to differences?
According to research cited: if a gender difference is reported at d = 0.20, what approximate percentage overlap exists between the two groups?
According to research cited: if a gender difference is reported at d = 0.20, what approximate percentage overlap exists between the two groups?
Flashcards
Inherent Dignity
Inherent Dignity
The inherent worth of every member of the human family.
Inalienable Rights
Inalienable Rights
Basic rights that cannot be taken away or denied.
Highest Aspiration
Highest Aspiration
A world with freedom of speech, belief, freedom from fear and want.
UDHR - Article 1
UDHR - Article 1
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UDHR - Article 2
UDHR - Article 2
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UDHR - Article 7
UDHR - Article 7
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Enlightenment Shift
Enlightenment Shift
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Human Rights Implementation
Human Rights Implementation
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Article 13(1) of the Covenant
Article 13(1) of the Covenant
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Essential Features of Education (Article 13(2))
Essential Features of Education (Article 13(2))
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UNESCO Convention Article 3(b)
UNESCO Convention Article 3(b)
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UNESCO Convention Article 4(a)
UNESCO Convention Article 4(a)
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UNESCO Convention Article 4(b)
UNESCO Convention Article 4(b)
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UNESCO Convention Article 5(a)
UNESCO Convention Article 5(a)
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UNESCO Convention Article 5(b)
UNESCO Convention Article 5(b)
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
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Inclusive Education
Inclusive Education
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Goal of Inclusive Education
Goal of Inclusive Education
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Competing Rights
Competing Rights
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Individual vs. Group Rights
Individual vs. Group Rights
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Biological Importance of Diversity
Biological Importance of Diversity
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Evolution
Evolution
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Genetic Diversity
Genetic Diversity
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Social Importance of Diversity
Social Importance of Diversity
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Effect Size (d = 0.20)
Effect Size (d = 0.20)
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Stereotyping
Stereotyping
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Economic Influence on Education
Economic Influence on Education
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Local Property Taxes in Education
Local Property Taxes in Education
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Multi-Level Education
Multi-Level Education
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Multi-Faceted Education
Multi-Faceted Education
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State vs. Private Control
State vs. Private Control
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Central vs. Devolved Control
Central vs. Devolved Control
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Social Capital
Social Capital
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Bonding Social Capital
Bonding Social Capital
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Bridging Social Capital
Bridging Social Capital
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Linking Social Capital
Linking Social Capital
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Hegemony
Hegemony
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Consensual Control
Consensual Control
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Coercive Control
Coercive Control
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Accommodating Cultural Capital
Accommodating Cultural Capital
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Cultural Capital
Cultural Capital
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Single-Loop Learning
Single-Loop Learning
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Double-Loop Learning
Double-Loop Learning
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Reflective Practice
Reflective Practice
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Reaffirm and Reproduce Social Class
Reaffirm and Reproduce Social Class
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Opportunity Gaps
Opportunity Gaps
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Habitus
Habitus
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Study Notes
Introduction - Differences and Samenesses
- Human beings share both common and specific features, which create diversity that enriches lives.
- Diversity can cause intolerance, fear, and discrimination, leading to marginalization and persecution.
- Populations, especially in Western countries, are becoming more diverse.
- Diversity and superdiversity can create conflict and vulnerabilities in children.
- Vertovec termed the trend of increasing diversity as 'superdiversity', defined as a dynamic interplay of variables.
- Addressing diversity issues in schools can foster peaceful, just, and equitable societies.
Defining 'Different' and 'Diverse'
- Dictionary definitions of 'different' mean not alike in nature, form, or quality.
- The Oxford English Dictionary traces 'different' to Middle English differren and Latin differre, meaning to distinguish or bear apart.
- Diversity refers to a range of many very different people or things.
- It is derived from Old French diversite, Latin diversitas, and diversus meaning ‘to turn aside’.
- 'Difference' and 'diversity' in human beings often relate to sex, gender, socio-economic status, race, ethnicity, culture, beliefs, religion, and special needs.
- Nicholas Burbules itemized ways of thinking about differences, including variety within categories, degree along a continuum, variation in combinations, version as interpretation, and analogy to comparable standards.
Fascination with Differences
- Media is attracted to stories portraying human differences, which can evoke admiration, envy, repulsion, or fear.
- An item discussed civil unions and same sex marriage
- A socio-economic status report indicated that 85 richest people own as much wealth as half the world's population.
- The International Organization for Migration reported over 1 million migrants/refugees entered Europe in 2015 due to war, poverty, and persecution.
- The European Court of Human Rights upheld France's law banning face-covering Muslim veils.
- In Christchurch, New Zealand, a mother protested the law allowing religion in state schools.
- Intellectual differences can form the basis of sustainable business opportunities.
- An Australian study showed children as young as eight are dissatisfied with their bodies.
- Talking about an awkward issue the question should disabled athletes be competing?
- Personality differences can lead to extreme scenarios, such as a woman stabbing her partner.
- Age differences: First-born children are likely to be ambitious and well-qualified.
- Family column describes a woman who had 11 children
The Consequences of Differences
- Throughout history, people who are different have faced xenophobia, discrimination, segregation, and marginalization
- Differences have led to loss of lives in wars and conflicts.
- The United Nations estimated that 53 armed conflicts in the 1990s caused 3.9 million deaths, with nearly 90% being civilians.
- In 2002, there were approximately 22 million international refugees and 20-25 million internally displaced people worldwide.
- Being different can lead to exclusion from education and society.
Discrimination in Education
- Education systems have historically and contemporaneously shown active or passive discrimination against various groups.
- Discrimination has been benevolent, like setting up special schools for children with disabilities.
- Sometimes discrimination is hostile, reflecting social values like apartheid-era education in South Africa.
Goals and Perspectives of Book
- Underpinned by two goals and 19 perspectives, this book addresses how education and society should approach diversity.
- The goals are to respect and enhance human rights of diverse people.
- Second goal is to develop an inclusive society and global community.
Goal A: Respect and Enhance Human Rights
- It is important to recognize the human rights of people who are different.
- Society's responsibilities towards disadvantaged children must be based on human rights.
- These rights dictate what we may, must, and must not do to others, and what we can expect from them.
- The United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948 after World War II to prevent future atrocities.
- Article 1 states all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. -Article 2 states everyone is entitled to rights and freedoms without distinction (race, color, sex, language, religion, etc).
- Article 7 sates all are equal before the law and protected against discrimination.
- Frances Raday states the UDHR rights originated in the shift from religious to secular state culture during the Enlightenment but can still cause conflict.
- The UDHR has been translated into law via treaties, customary international law, regional agreements, and domestic law.
- The Convention on the Rights of the Child requires education to develop children's abilities, respect for human rights, cultural identity, and preparation for responsible life.
- Every country except Somalia and the United States ratified the Convention, but millions of children do not attend school.
- The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights addresses the right to education. -Education should aim for full development of the human personality. -It should exhibit availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability.
- UNESCO's Convention against Discrimination in Education ensures no discrimination in admissions, equal education standards, and promotion of human rights.
- Many countries have laws against discrimination based on age, color, disability, and other grounds, reflecting the UDHR’s principles.
- School curricula reflect human rights principles, including references to diversity. -New Zealand's curriculum acknowledges bicultural foundations, cultural diversity, and non-discrimination.
- The UK National Curriculum identifies diversity as including boys, girls, pupils with special needs, and pupils from different backgrounds.
- UNESCO advocates for inclusive curricula to value diversity.
Inclusive Education Transformation
- Includes transformation of learnings to caterto all children.
- inclusive education aims to eliminate exclusion from negative attitudes and lack of response to diversity.
- The book will address how to reconcile competing rights, such as children's vs parents' rights on religion, and females' rights vs religious norms.
- At the basic level, it includes diversity of species with evolution serving to create species. With more variation, it is suited to changing environments.
- Societies value diversity to enhance social development, prepare students for future success, increase individuals' knowledge from other backgrounds and contrasts student’s life experiences. it values relating to the communities involved..
- Morally, there is an argument from the doctrine of human righs arising aims to identify the fundamental prerequisites.
- The origins of moral universalism as a basis for human rights are typically associated with the writings of Aristotle.
- The contemporary idea of human rights most clearly emerged during the seventeenth centuries with the so-called 'doctrine of natural law'.
- In contrast, Kant viewed an appeal to the authority authority of some super-human entity was not necessary in justifying human beings' claims to certain, fundamental rights.
- When considering human rights, it is useful to distinguish between 'positive claims rights' and 'negative claims rights'
- Another distinction can be made between ‘absolute rights’ and ‘conditional rights’.
- In considering the rights of children, a question arises as to what extent should parents/ determine what kind of education their child should receive? Is this an absolute right or right?
Goal B: Developing Global Community
- In line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, inclusive education has become a prominent idea.
- The book will encompass all learners to special needs, gender, etc.
- Inclusive education extends beyond special needs arising from disabilities, and includes consideration of other sources of disadvantage.
- Inclusive education was articulated in the meeting at the 48th UNESCO Conference on Education, held in Geneva.
- It claims it is an ongoing process aimed at quality education.
- Several questions included, for example, can faith-based schools be justified
- Advocacy included claims the any segregation of groups is a violation of human rights
Council of Europe vision
- A Council of Europe document questions in its report the diversity and and inclusion needed for success
- It is important to be able to to safeguard and develop human rights
- inclusive education is education that fit the interests
- the education is a tool of the requirements educators have in the multi-faceted vision
Theories of Distributive Justice and Diversity
- Understanding the basis of human rights also needs an understanding of human rights
- distributive justice should be used to decided how societies respond to differenceness
Strict Egalitarianism
- distributive justice is the concept of material goods going to all members.
- Kurt Vonnegut short story, ‘Harrison Bergeron' talks about enforcing equality and giving powers to penalize individuality
- using money is the common way of indexing
- strict equality can conflict with what people deserve based on their work, therefore responsibility and luck are designed for distribution.
- strict egalitarian is not right for every situation
Libertarian
- centers the demands of liberty and liberty and unrestricted goods
- people have the right to their own body and and they must not be told to ensure safety to others
- libertarian isn't part of the solution for those of less
Utilitarianism
- Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill says something has to benefit the majority
- actions should be what produce the most pleasure
- John Stuart Mill, said give people what they need as long as they don't harm
- These are inappropriate because these children constitutes the minority
Moral Principles to Kant Vision
-Immanuel Kant said we need fundamental rights, a good test action must fit everyone, to avoid a system where the interests are put ahead
Rawls's difference principle
-John Rawls: we should select justices to be the “veil of ignorance” in life that the people would make -each person can get right and the second is the divergence from strict equal
Other view on the theory of justice
- Michael Sandel, said even though every criticism was noted, It forms a good base for those less.
- it applies to gender and background
Diversities must be seen from an ecological perspective
- living needs to make complex interaction for those factors -This ecological process has a connection to the to the outside area
- A wraparound is presented of every thing to a child -The elements embrace both macro and micro components
Parts of the model below are a spiral system:
- individual children at the heart and factors include perceptions etc
-community includes demographic factors, economic resources and culture.
-The integration needs high consistency
-The influences are bidirectional for the system
- active participants are are important
Complexity of system
- It's necessary to look at the dynamic interactions components.
- whole are much more then the sums.
Perceptions of variety changes, so a set is necessary
-this matters through various times and how it can impact the social constructs
The important point is Balance
- The rights and needs is a large scale matter than can be seen by educators
- it creates opportunity and social communication
Forces of Balance, at political views these forces must consider the following
centrifugal centripetal
Variety can causes limitations
- religious -ethnic tensions
- class
- language
Centripetal Forces Can Solidify
- similarities
Perspectives, shift
- Derek Bell’s theory claims that “the Black interests and Achieving equality can converges with Whites"
- In the chapter will add some new and recent events
Varieties Intersex with Each Other
- individuals make combinations to better understand other ways
There are many differences
- .Evolution and globalisation is added
- there are a low level of differences
Genetics should be looked at
- the human DNA should be looked and the results and differences.should be checked
consideration needed for adaptation
In 1989 Charles started the conversation
- The adaptations needed in the parts of the mind or behaviour
Some differences are small
- .The important results needed should show the average small statistics -This show high percentages within
- Stereotype are best to be avoided
economics with diversity
- the biggest role is everything related to the economic benefits.
- the best part is that there is high reliance of taxes
Education
- should make the right decision
- .the levels are needed
Goals
- should make the right decision
organisation should make the right call with age
collaboration and social agencies
- what you should do with communities
choice
- what to say with choice
curriculum
assessment
- pedagogy
- involvement
- teachers
capital will come
-gender can make a big different
Mismatch in schools and capital
- if their are problems the the education system can get the education well
- you need to engage to create the safe to attend
hegemony create something new to look at
- they create more freedom
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