Investigating the Ancient Past - Terminology

A tendency to favor one side, affecting objectivity.

Historians must identify bias to provide accurate accounts of events.

Elements like personal beliefs and culture can affect bias in sources.

Sources chosen with a preference, may omit differing viewpoints.

Arrangement of events from earliest to latest.

Using rough estimates for dates when exact years are unknown.

The circumstances surrounding events that shape understanding and bias.

Presenting history inaccurately due to bias or misunderstanding.

Original materials from a specific time period, offering firsthand accounts.

Primary sources may lack objectivity and offer biased perspectives.

Primary sources provide genuine insights into individuals' emotions and experiences.

Experts analyze primary sources to interpret their meanings.

Interpretations and analyses of primary sources, offering multiple viewpoints.

Secondary sources verify facts by comparing multiple primary sources.

Secondary sources may oversimplify or distort original information.

Bias is a one-sided opinion that lacks fairness.

In primary sources, an unclear author can limit fact verification.

Secondary sources provide a broader understanding by showing various opinions.

A period of 100 years.

A period of 10 years.

Before Christ; used to label years before the year 1 AD.

Anno Domini; Latin for 'in the year of our Lord', used to label years after Christ's birth.

The study of when events happened, arranged in order.

Before Common Era; a secular alternative to BC.

Common Era; a secular alternative to AD.

Jars used to store organs after mummification.

Ancient Egyptian writing using picture symbols.

The annual flooding of the Nile River.

A plant-based paper used for writing in ancient Egypt.

Belief in only one god.

Belief in multiple gods.

A stone or wooden coffin with artistic decoration.

An elaborate burial ground or cemetery in ancient Egypt.

Sky god often depicted as a falcon or falcon-headed man, symbolizing protection and royal power.

Goddess known as the 'Devourer of Souls,' with a crocodile head and leopard torso.

God of writing, knowledge, and wisdom, often depicted with the head of an ibis or baboon.

God associated with chaos, thunderstorms, and foreign lands, resembling a donkey or aardvark.

God of the dead, associated with embalming, depicted as a dog or jackal-headed man.

Astronomical events when one celestial body obscures another, often linked to deities.

Mythological place where souls are judged by Osiris, significant in ancient Egyptian afterlife.

The equilibrium of the natural order, often maintained by various deities in Egyptian mythology.

The pyramids were built as tombs for pharaohs, ensuring their bodies and treasures remained undisturbed.

It is the largest pyramid ever built and the only remaining wonder of the ancient world.

Measures included false doors, dead-end passages, and statues of gods to deter theft from tombs.

Historians debate how the pyramids were built, especially the use of a single ramp for higher levels.

There is uncertainty if the Egyptians had the necessary tools to build the pyramids effectively.

There are disputes on whether the pyramids were built by slaves or voluntary workers.

Discovered in 1799, it helped decode hieroglyphs by featuring three scripts: hieroglyphs, demotic, and Greek.

The Rosetta Stone features a statement by Ptolemy V written in three different languages.