Podcast
Questions and Answers
What aspect of Harappa's decline is mentioned?
What aspect of Harappa's decline is mentioned?
- Invasion by foreign powers.
- It was abandoned around 1900 BCE. (correct)
- A shift in the river's course.
- A major earthquake.
How did British rule impact the archaeological site of Harappa?
How did British rule impact the archaeological site of Harappa?
- Bricks from the ruins were used for railway construction. (correct)
- The British restored the city to its former glory.
- The British established a museum to preserve artifacts.
- The British funded extensive excavations.
What is the estimated area covered by the Indus Valley Civilization, based on the extent of Harappa and its related settlements?
What is the estimated area covered by the Indus Valley Civilization, based on the extent of Harappa and its related settlements?
- About 150 hectares.
- About 1 million square meters.
- About 24 square kilometers.
- About 385,000 square kilometers. (correct)
What detail indicates that Harappa was a fortified city?
What detail indicates that Harappa was a fortified city?
Which of the following best describes the layout of major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro?
Which of the following best describes the layout of major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro?
How were houses protected in Harappa?
How were houses protected in Harappa?
What features demonstrate the Harappans' advanced architecture?
What features demonstrate the Harappans' advanced architecture?
Where did common men live in Harappa cities?
Where did common men live in Harappa cities?
What were the two main parts of Harappa cities?
What were the two main parts of Harappa cities?
What suggests knowledge of urban planning?
What suggests knowledge of urban planning?
How did the Harappan civilization manage waste water?
How did the Harappan civilization manage waste water?
Why is Mohenjo-daro considered the most advanced city of its time?
Why is Mohenjo-daro considered the most advanced city of its time?
Approximately how many residents lived in Harappa?
Approximately how many residents lived in Harappa?
What geographical feature is Harappa located near?
What geographical feature is Harappa located near?
What was located in the citadel?
What was located in the citadel?
How were the streets of major cities laid out?
How were the streets of major cities laid out?
What detail suggests the Harappan civilization placed a high priority on hygiene?
What detail suggests the Harappan civilization placed a high priority on hygiene?
What is Harappa known for being?
What is Harappa known for being?
What evidence suggests the Harappans had a sophisticated understanding of municipal governance?
What evidence suggests the Harappans had a sophisticated understanding of municipal governance?
What feature was designed to keep out thieves?
What feature was designed to keep out thieves?
Flashcards
Harappa
Harappa
One of the best-known sites in Pakistan, located on the bank of the Ravi River.
Harappa's Size
Harappa's Size
The ancient city of Harappa was a Bronze Age fortified city with an estimated 23,500 residents, covering about 150 hectares.
Harappan City Structure
Harappan City Structure
The city was split into two main parts: the citadel (upper city) and the lower city.
Citadel
Citadel
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Lower city
Lower city
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Harappan Municipal Planning
Harappan Municipal Planning
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Harappan Urban Plan
Harappan Urban Plan
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Harappan Architecture
Harappan Architecture
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Study Notes
- Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time with sophisticated engineering and urban planning
- Mohenjo-daro declined around 1900 BCE and was abandoned
Harappa
- Harappa is named after the ruins of a capital city of the Indus Valley Civilization
- It is one of the best-known sites in Pakistan, located on the bank of the Ravi River in central Punjab, about 24 km west of Sahiwal
- The Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak between 2600-1900 BCE
- Harappa was a central hub for thousands of cities and towns, covering about 385,000 square kilometers of territory in South Asia
- The ancient city of Harappa sustained heavy damage under British rule as bricks were used for the Lahore-Multan railway construction
- The ancient city ruins reveal a Bronze age fortified city, with an estimated 23,500 residents
- The city has clay brick houses occupying around 150 hectares (370 acres)
Architecture
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The cities were divided into two main sections
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One section was the citadel (upper city) and was lined with tall walls like a fortress
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The second block was the lower city, which had lower walls
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The common people lived in the lower city, which was usually more than a square mile
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The important buildings such as the great bath, great granary, and assembly hall were in the citadel,
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Daily business was conducted in the lower city
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The Indus Valley Civilization demonstrates a sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture
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Municipal town planning displays knowledge of urban planning, efficient municipal governments, with a focus on hygiene
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Major cities such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa had streets laid out in a grid pattern, similar to modern planned cities with houses protected from sun, sight, noise, odors, and thieves
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The urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems
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Homes either individually or in groups had their own water wells. Waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets
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The houses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes
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The Harappans' advanced architecture includes impressive dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls
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