Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

• An Individualized Education Program (IEP), according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), is an outline of educational goals and support services for students with disabilities.
• A key component of a student's IEP is the duration of services.
• Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Definition: When a student is temporarily in a hospital program with unique capabilities required in their IEP, this is referred to as a specialized outside program.

General Education Teacher Responsibilities Under IDEA

• Working with the special education teacher to supervise the paraprofessional's classroom activities.

Special Education Teacher Responsibilities Under IDEA

• Cultivating partnerships with families and being involved in educational decision-making processes.
• Avoiding any actions that may harm individuals with exceptionalities and adhere to professional ethics and standards.
• Demonstrating professionalism by maintaining high competence and integrity while supporting students and their families.
• Advocating for adequate resources and favorable conditions to improve educational outcomes for students with exceptionalities.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

• Ensures equal access to public education for students.
• Accommodation example: graphic organizers.
• Differs from IDEA: It is funded by state and local governments.

General Education Teacher Requirements Under Section 504

• Becoming familiar with each student's needs.
• Coordinating with others to provide consistent support.
• Implementing specified accommodations proactively.
• Addressing challenges and changes with flexibility for effective implementation.
• Celebrating an environment of inclusivity and diversity.
• Ensuring that students' rights are protected.

Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

• Federal law assisting English learners in meeting challenging academic standards.
• Valid expense when using funds: professional development for teachers.
• The Home Language Survey (HLS) is used to help determine eligibility for assistance.
• Educators are expected to engage with parents of English learners.
• Educators must provide professional development for teachers of English learners.

Strategies for Meeting Title III Requirements for English Learners

• Encouraging at-home learning in the student's native language.
• Tailoring lessons and assessments to ELs' varied language proficiency levels.
• Modeling correct language use and providing sentence frames to guide students' responses.
• Using simplified language.

Exceptionalities Covered by IDEA

• Orthopedic impairment.
• Medication management is a specific accommodation found in the category of other health impairment.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified as a psychiatric disorder.
• Strategy to assist a student with dysgraphia: developing a range of accommodations for writing tasks.

Specific Learning Disability Indicators

• Difficulty distinguishing between the directions of right and left.

Dual Language Program Model for English Learners

• It uses both the ELs' primary language and English, helping them maintain skills in both while preparing for English-only classes.
• Allows ELs to learn in both English and another language to become bilingual and proficient in both languages across various subjects.

Krashen's Theory of Second-Language Acquisition

• Natural order hypothesis: language learners acquire grammatical structures in a predictable sequence.
• Stage after moving through the beginning fluency stage: intermediate fluency.

Culturally Responsive Teaching

• Main principle, according to Gloria Ladson-Billings: promoting the importance of cultural competence.
• Framework for adapting instruction to reflect students' diverse backgrounds and experiences.
• Aims to create an inclusive and affirming learning environment.
• Pre-production stage: the learner absorbs the new language but does not yet speak it.

Common Traits of Gifted Students

• A profound curiosity about diverse subjects.
• An ability to grasp concepts several grade levels ahead.
• An unconventional sense of humor.
• Ability to absorb information rapidly.
• Giftedness is primarily about a brain-based difference.