Podcast
Questions and Answers
What indicates a normal sinus rhythm?
What indicates a normal sinus rhythm?
Which condition is characterized by a heart rate exceeding 300 bpm with an irregular rhythm?
Which condition is characterized by a heart rate exceeding 300 bpm with an irregular rhythm?
What is the characteristic finding in Mobitz type I heart block?
What is the characteristic finding in Mobitz type I heart block?
Which electrical axis deviation indicates negative lead I and positive AVF?
Which electrical axis deviation indicates negative lead I and positive AVF?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the treatment indicated for Torsades de pointes?
What is the treatment indicated for Torsades de pointes?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a heart rate of 50 bpm typically indicate?
What does a heart rate of 50 bpm typically indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an initial change seen in acute myocardial infarction?
What is an initial change seen in acute myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes PVCs from PACs?
What distinguishes PVCs from PACs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a common risk factor for myocardial infarction?
Which is a common risk factor for myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended time frame for door-to-drug or door-to-balloon for MI treatment?
What is the recommended time frame for door-to-drug or door-to-balloon for MI treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the pulmonary artery in the circulatory system?
What is the role of the pulmonary artery in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium?
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which EKG lead reflects the strongest electrical impulse from the heart's pathway?
Which EKG lead reflects the strongest electrical impulse from the heart's pathway?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the T wave in an EKG represent?
What does the T wave in an EKG represent?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior left/lateral wall of the heart?
Which artery supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior left/lateral wall of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What initiates the cardiac conduction system?
What initiates the cardiac conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which EKG change is indicative of hyperkalemia?
Which EKG change is indicative of hyperkalemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valves are involved in the pathway of blood from the left atrium to the aorta?
Which valves are involved in the pathway of blood from the left atrium to the aorta?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the heart is supplied by the left anterior descending artery?
Which part of the heart is supplied by the left anterior descending artery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal rate at which the SA node fires impulses?
What is the normal rate at which the SA node fires impulses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the pulmonary veins in the circulatory system?
What is the role of the pulmonary veins in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve does blood pass through immediately after leaving the right atrium?
Which valve does blood pass through immediately after leaving the right atrium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leads provide information about the right coronary artery?
Which leads provide information about the right coronary artery?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the QRS complex represent in an EKG?
What does the QRS complex represent in an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the bicuspid (mitral) valve in the heart?
What is the function of the bicuspid (mitral) valve in the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure initiates the cardiac conduction system?
Which structure initiates the cardiac conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical firing rate of the AV node?
What is the typical firing rate of the AV node?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery is known as the 'widow maker' due to its critical supply area?
Which artery is known as the 'widow maker' due to its critical supply area?
Signup and view all the answers
What does hyperkalemia typically show on an EKG?
What does hyperkalemia typically show on an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gas exchange area is indicated by the color purple in the heart diagram?
Which gas exchange area is indicated by the color purple in the heart diagram?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a heart rate below 60 bpm indicate in a patient with a regular rhythm?
What does a heart rate below 60 bpm indicate in a patient with a regular rhythm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which arrhythmia is characterized by an irregular rhythm without P waves?
Which arrhythmia is characterized by an irregular rhythm without P waves?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenario would you observe no treatment necessary for a heart block?
In what scenario would you observe no treatment necessary for a heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What rhythm is identified by ventricular contractions exceeding 100 bpm without P waves and long QRS complexes?
What rhythm is identified by ventricular contractions exceeding 100 bpm without P waves and long QRS complexes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical heart rate range for normal sinus rhythm?
What is the typical heart rate range for normal sinus rhythm?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient is diagnosed with Mobitz type II heart block. What is the significant concern related to this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with Mobitz type II heart block. What is the significant concern related to this condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following findings is indicative of extreme axis deviation?
Which of the following findings is indicative of extreme axis deviation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hallmark symptom of myocardial infarction?
What is a hallmark symptom of myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What specific feature differentiates atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation?
What specific feature differentiates atrial flutter from atrial fibrillation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of myocardial infarction is characterized by ST depression?
Which type of myocardial infarction is characterized by ST depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What does right axis deviation indicate about the lead readings?
What does right axis deviation indicate about the lead readings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which arrhythmia is recognized for having varying P wave morphologies?
Which arrhythmia is recognized for having varying P wave morphologies?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes Mobitz type II from Mobitz type I heart block?
What distinguishes Mobitz type II from Mobitz type I heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the proper treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
What is the proper treatment for ventricular fibrillation?
Signup and view all the answers
In acute myocardial infarction, which change is observed within the first hour?
In acute myocardial infarction, which change is observed within the first hour?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of QRS complexes during irregular rhythms?
What is the significance of QRS complexes during irregular rhythms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition requires a pacemaker due to alternating rhythms?
Which condition requires a pacemaker due to alternating rhythms?
Signup and view all the answers
What heart rate is classified as sinus bradycardia?
What heart rate is classified as sinus bradycardia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common symptom of myocardial infarction?
Which of the following is a common symptom of myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the heart block algorithm begin with?
What does the heart block algorithm begin with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle?
Which valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the bicuspid (mitral) valve?
What is the function of the bicuspid (mitral) valve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery is the only one that carries deoxygenated blood?
Which artery is the only one that carries deoxygenated blood?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leads provide information about the left anterior descending artery?
Which leads provide information about the left anterior descending artery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?
What is the primary role of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a peaked T wave typically indicate on an EKG?
What does a peaked T wave typically indicate on an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does blood go immediately after passing through the pulmonary veins?
Where does blood go immediately after passing through the pulmonary veins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure transmits impulses after the AV node in the cardiac conduction system?
Which structure transmits impulses after the AV node in the cardiac conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
In which leads can right coronary circulation be observed?
In which leads can right coronary circulation be observed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by a heart rate that can range between 120-250 bpm?
Which condition is characterized by a heart rate that can range between 120-250 bpm?
Signup and view all the answers
In which heart block condition does the PR interval gradually lengthen before a dropped QRS complex occurs?
In which heart block condition does the PR interval gradually lengthen before a dropped QRS complex occurs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected characteristic of right axis deviation?
What is the expected characteristic of right axis deviation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which arrhythmia is characterized by early beats and a 1:1 P-QRS ratio?
Which arrhythmia is characterized by early beats and a 1:1 P-QRS ratio?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenario does a patient require immediate defibrillation due to a heart rhythm issue?
In what scenario does a patient require immediate defibrillation due to a heart rhythm issue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the treatment indicated for symptomatic Mobitz type II heart block?
What is the treatment indicated for symptomatic Mobitz type II heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What indicates extreme axis deviation on an ECG?
What indicates extreme axis deviation on an ECG?
Signup and view all the answers
Which arrhythmia exhibits multiple different P wave morphologies?
Which arrhythmia exhibits multiple different P wave morphologies?
Signup and view all the answers
Within what time frame should beta blockers or calcium channel blockers be administered following myocardial infarction?
Within what time frame should beta blockers or calcium channel blockers be administered following myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the pulmonary artery play in the circulatory system?
What role does the pulmonary artery play in the circulatory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Which valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the heart is supplied by the circumflex artery?
Which part of the heart is supplied by the circumflex artery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the firing rate of the AV node within the cardiac conduction system?
What is the firing rate of the AV node within the cardiac conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the QRS complex in an EKG represent?
What does the QRS complex in an EKG represent?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the strongest electrical impulse from the heart's pathway detected?
Where is the strongest electrical impulse from the heart's pathway detected?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the T wave indicate in an EKG?
What does the T wave indicate in an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic finding in an EKG for hyperkalemia?
What is the characteristic finding in an EKG for hyperkalemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure in the cardiac conduction system follows the SA node?
Which structure in the cardiac conduction system follows the SA node?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the heart corresponds with leads V1 and V2?
Which area of the heart corresponds with leads V1 and V2?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leads are primarily used to reflect the inferior wall of the heart?
Which leads are primarily used to reflect the inferior wall of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a U wave typically indicate on an EKG?
What does a U wave typically indicate on an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
Which artery is known as the 'widow maker' and what does it primarily supply?
Which artery is known as the 'widow maker' and what does it primarily supply?
Signup and view all the answers
Which EKG leads correspond to the circumflex artery supply?
Which EKG leads correspond to the circumflex artery supply?
Signup and view all the answers
In which leads can the septal wall be primarily seen?
In which leads can the septal wall be primarily seen?
Signup and view all the answers
How does hyperkalemia visually manifest on an EKG?
How does hyperkalemia visually manifest on an EKG?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the cardiac conduction system follows the SA node?
Which part of the cardiac conduction system follows the SA node?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a thick line on the electrocardiogram represent in terms of estimated heart rate?
What does a thick line on the electrocardiogram represent in terms of estimated heart rate?
Signup and view all the answers
What axis deviation is characterized by positive readings in lead 1 and negative readings in AVF?
What axis deviation is characterized by positive readings in lead 1 and negative readings in AVF?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the T wave signify in an electrocardiogram?
What does the T wave signify in an electrocardiogram?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the normal axis visually represented in an electrocardiogram?
How is the normal axis visually represented in an electrocardiogram?
Signup and view all the answers
Which heart rate is associated with the AV node's firing rate?
Which heart rate is associated with the AV node's firing rate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by lead I being positive and AVF being negative?
What is indicated by lead I being positive and AVF being negative?
Signup and view all the answers
How can regular rhythm rates be estimated using ECG lines?
How can regular rhythm rates be estimated using ECG lines?
Signup and view all the answers
What indicates an irregular rhythm when counting QRS complexes?
What indicates an irregular rhythm when counting QRS complexes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic finding of atrial fibrillation?
What is a characteristic finding of atrial fibrillation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
Which of the following best describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
Signup and view all the answers
How is atrial flutter typically characterized?
How is atrial flutter typically characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true about sick sinus syndrome?
What is true about sick sinus syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of atrial flutter?
What is a characteristic of atrial flutter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition indicates that a patient may require a pacemaker?
Which condition indicates that a patient may require a pacemaker?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes SVT from atrial tachycardia?
What distinguishes SVT from atrial tachycardia?
Signup and view all the answers
In patients with atrial fibrillation, which characteristic is typically observed?
In patients with atrial fibrillation, which characteristic is typically observed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions typically shows a heart rate below 60 bpm?
Which of the following conditions typically shows a heart rate below 60 bpm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic finding is associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Which characteristic finding is associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a definitive treatment requirement for Torsades de pointes?
What is a definitive treatment requirement for Torsades de pointes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about bundle branch block?
Which of the following is true about bundle branch block?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes ventricular fibrillation from other arrhythmias?
What distinguishes ventricular fibrillation from other arrhythmias?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by a flat line in two perpendicular leads?
Which condition is characterized by a flat line in two perpendicular leads?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is characterized by an absence of P waves and shows a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm with prolonged QRS complexes?
Which condition is characterized by an absence of P waves and shows a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm with prolonged QRS complexes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the essential treatment for Torsades de pointes?
What is the essential treatment for Torsades de pointes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following arrhythmias is associated with an irregular rhythm exceeding 300 bpm?
Which of the following arrhythmias is associated with an irregular rhythm exceeding 300 bpm?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishing feature is noted in premature atrial contractions (PACs)?
What distinguishing feature is noted in premature atrial contractions (PACs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of heart block necessitates monitoring without immediate treatment?
Which type of heart block necessitates monitoring without immediate treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What EKG finding typically indicates a STEMI?
What EKG finding typically indicates a STEMI?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a myocardial infarction?
Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
In which time frame does troponin usually peak after a myocardial infarction?
In which time frame does troponin usually peak after a myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes second-degree Mobitz type I from Mobitz type II heart block?
What distinguishes second-degree Mobitz type I from Mobitz type II heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) finding for STEMI?
What is a characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) finding for STEMI?
Signup and view all the answers
When do troponin levels typically peak after a myocardial infarction?
When do troponin levels typically peak after a myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which heart block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval greater than 200ms?
Which heart block is characterized by a prolonged PR interval greater than 200ms?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes NSTEMI from STEMI in terms of ECG findings?
What distinguishes NSTEMI from STEMI in terms of ECG findings?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes third-degree heart block?
What characterizes third-degree heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is recommended for myocardial infarction within the first 24 hours?
Which treatment is recommended for myocardial infarction within the first 24 hours?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common cause of heart blocks?
What is a common cause of heart blocks?
Signup and view all the answers
How does Mobitz type I heart block present on an ECG?
How does Mobitz type I heart block present on an ECG?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of door-to-drug or door-to-balloon time in myocardial infarction treatment?
What is the significance of door-to-drug or door-to-balloon time in myocardial infarction treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which heart block presents with complete dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes?
Which heart block presents with complete dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common treatment option administered immediately during a myocardial infarction?
What is a common treatment option administered immediately during a myocardial infarction?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of heart block is indicated by progressively longer PR intervals before a dropped QRS complex?
Which type of heart block is indicated by progressively longer PR intervals before a dropped QRS complex?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum recommended door-to-drug or door-to-balloon time for effective myocardial infarction treatment?
What is the maximum recommended door-to-drug or door-to-balloon time for effective myocardial infarction treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
In which heart block does the condition require a pacemaker due to the risk of progressing to complete heart block?
In which heart block does the condition require a pacemaker due to the risk of progressing to complete heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptoms are commonly associated with third-degree heart block?
What symptoms are commonly associated with third-degree heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which heart block type is typically managed without treatment?
Which heart block type is typically managed without treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What monitoring is necessary for managing Mobitz type II heart block?
What monitoring is necessary for managing Mobitz type II heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
The long-term prognosis for heart block largely depends on which factor?
The long-term prognosis for heart block largely depends on which factor?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is commonly justified for severe heart block cases?
Which treatment is commonly justified for severe heart block cases?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of third-degree heart block?
What is a common symptom of third-degree heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of heart block requires regular QRS monitoring and observation by a cardiologist?
Which type of heart block requires regular QRS monitoring and observation by a cardiologist?
Signup and view all the answers
In which situation is no treatment necessary for a heart block?
In which situation is no treatment necessary for a heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key factor in determining the long-term prognosis of heart block?
What is a key factor in determining the long-term prognosis of heart block?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the treatment approach for second-degree heart block types other than Mobitz type II?
What is the treatment approach for second-degree heart block types other than Mobitz type II?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Function
- Blood flow begins in venules, veins, and vena cava, entering the right atrium.
- Blood passes through the tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve to the right ventricle.
- The tricuspid valve is located on the right side.
- Blood flows through the tricuspid AV valve, right ventricle, and pulmonary semilunar valve.
- The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen pickup. It is the only artery carrying deoxygenated blood.
- The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
- Blood passes through the bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, and aorta.
- Blood travels through arteries and arterioles to capillaries for gas exchange.
- Deoxygenated blood is shown in blue, oxygenated blood in red, and gas exchange areas in purple.
EKG Leads and Coronary Arteries
- EKG leads are positioned: AVL, AVR, then 2, 3, AVF inferiorly, and V1-V6 circumferentially around the heart.
- Lead 2 reflects the strongest electrical impulse from the heart's pathway, commonly used for teaching EKG interpretation.
- The left main coronary artery branches into the circumflex and left anterior descending (LAD) arteries.
- The circumflex artery supplies the left atrium and posterior/lateral walls; it correlates with leads 1, AVL, V5, and V6.
- The LAD artery (widow maker) supplies the electrical pathway and intraventricular septum.
- The septal wall is seen in V1 and half of V2, anterior left ventricle is seen in half of V2, V3, and V4.
- The right main coronary artery supplies the inferior wall, right chambers, SA/AV nodes, and posterior right side.
- Right coronary artery circulation appears in leads 2, 3, AVF, and AVR.
Cardiac Conduction System and Waves
- The cardiac conduction system begins with the SA node (60-100 bpm), followed by the AV node (45-60 bpm).
- The conduction pathway continues through the bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.
- The P wave represents atrial depolarization.
- The QRS complex shows ventricular depolarization.
- The T wave indicates ventricular repolarization.
- Regular rhythm rates are estimated with lines: no lines = 300 bpm, one line = 150 bpm, two lines = 100 bpm, three lines = 75 bpm, four lines = 60 bpm, five lines = 50 bpm
- Irregular rhythms are assessed by counting QRS complexes within 3 or 6 seconds and multiplying accordingly.
- Normal heart axis ranges from +90 to -30 degrees.
Electrolyte Abnormalities
- Hyperkalemia results in peaked T waves throughout the EKG.
- Hypokalemia is indicated by U waves.
Heart Arrhythmias
- Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) has a rate of 60-100 bpm with regular rhythm and a 1:1 P-QRS ratio.
- Sinus bradycardia is a heart rate less than 60 bpm with regular rhythm, sometimes normal in athletes. It may require treatment with atropine or pacemaker if severe.
- Sick sinus syndrome alternates between fast and slow rhythms and requires a pacemaker.
- Atrial tachycardia involves the SA node firing too rapidly (120-250 bpm).
- Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia, showing irregular rhythm without P waves.
- Atrial flutter demonstrates irregular rhythm with a negative sawtooth pattern at 250-350 bpm.
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is sudden and fast (150-250 bpm).
- Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) has varying P wave morphologies.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome shows delta waves and genetic accessory pathways.
- Ventricular tachycardia has no P waves, >100 bpm, and wide QRS complexes.
- Torsades de pointes is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia requiring magnesium sulfate.
- Ventricular fibrillation is a rapid, irregular rhythm (>300 bpm) requiring immediate defibrillation.
- Asystole shows a flat line on the EKG in two perpendicular leads.
- Premature atrial contractions (PACs) show early beats with a 1:1 P-QRS ratio.
- Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) show no P wave with a compensatory pause.
- Bundle branch block shows slowed impulse across the ventricles causing loss of synchrony.
- Left bundle branch block requires pacemaker treatment.
- Right bundle branch block requires observation only.
Heart Blocks
- First-degree heart block consistently has a prolonged PR interval >200ms.
- Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) progressively prolongs the PR interval before a dropped QRS complex.
- Mobitz type II shows a constant PR interval with intermittent dropped QRS complexes and may progress to third-degree.
- Third-degree heart block completely dissociates P waves and QRS complexes, requiring a pacemaker. Symptoms include syncope, angina, and respiratory distress. Common causes include increased vagal tone, MI, myocarditis, and electrolyte imbalances.
- First-degree heart block needs no treatment. Other types may require pacemakers.
- Regular QRS monitoring and cardiologist observation are needed for Mobitz type II.
- Long-term prognosis depends on the underlying cause and treatment compliance.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- MI symptoms include severe retrosternal pressure lasting over 30 minutes.
- MI risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
- Troponin peaks 1-2 days post-MI and normalizes within 2 weeks; CKMB peaks and normalizes within 2-3 days.
- STEMI shows ST elevation >1mm in two consecutive leads.
- NSTEMI exhibits ST depression.
- One hour after MI, ST elevation and necrosis onset are seen.
- 24 hours after MI, T wave inversion and ST returning to normal are expected.
- Early MI changes include elevated positive T wave.
- Treatment for MI includes immediate aspirin and antiplatelet medication; door-to-drug or balloon time should be within 90 minutes.
- Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers should be administered within 24 hours.
- Long-term treatment with ACE inhibitors and statins.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the essential anatomy of the heart and the corresponding pathways of blood flow. It also explores EKG leads and coronary arteries vital for heart function analysis. Test your knowledge and understanding of cardiovascular physiology and EKG fundamentals.