Grade 11 Tourism: Sectors and Types of Flights

• This study guide is for Grade 11 Tourism and will help you understand all the content that will need to meet the requirements for the Grade 11 National Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement.
• The study guide covers tourism sectors, domestic, regional, and international tourism, culture and heritage, foreign exchange, map work and tour planning, marketing, communication and customer care.
• Each topic is divided into content, questions, and answers
• It is important to keep up to date with new developments in tourism through the media and the Internet.
• Working in a team, finding information, and discussing key concepts will help develop competence in a tourism career.

Term 1: Tourism sectors

• Transport connects tourists' departure point with their destination.
• The transport industry offers travel by road, air, rail, or water.

Types of flights

• Inbound flights arrive in South Africa from another country
• Outbound flights leave South Africa for another country
• Domestic flights fly between airports in the same country
• Regional flights fly to neighboring countries
• Intercontinental flights are long-distance flights between two continents
• Transcontinental flights fly across a continent
• Connecting flights involve landing at an airport between departure and arrival points, with a change in flight number
• Long-haul flights are long-distance journeys typically taking over 6.5 hours
• Medium-haul flights take 3 to 6 hours
• Short-haul flights are short-distance flights of less than 3 hours
• Chartered flights operate on request to suit client needs

Types of airports

• International airports (e.g., OR Tambo) are gateways for tourists entering or leaving South Africa and handle domestic flights
• International airports are large with long runways and air traffic control towers.
• National airports (domestic) handle only domestic flights
• Privately owned airports are not operated by ACSA.
• Private landing strips are not open to the public.

Airports in South Africa

• South Africa has international and domestic airports

International Airports

• OR Tambo International Airport (JNB)
• Cape Town International Airport (CPT)
• King Shaka International Airport (DUR)
• Mpumalanga International Airport (MQP)
• Lanseria International Airport (HLA)
• Pilanesberg International Airport (NTY)
• Polokwane International Airport (PTG)
• Bloemfontein International Airport (BFN)
• Port Elizabeth International Airport (PLZ)
• Upington International Airport (UTN)

National Airports

• Kimberley Airport (KIM)
• George Airport (GRJ)
• Pietermaritzburg Airport (PZB)
• East London Airport (ELS)
• The International Air Transport Association (IATA) assigns a three-letter identifier code to each airport (shown in parenthesis)

ACSA-operated airports

• Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) operates ten airports
• National/Domestic: East London (ELS), George (GRJ), Kimberley (KIM)
• International: OR Tambo (JNB), Cape Town (CPT), King Shaka (DUR), Bloemfontein (BFN), Port Elizabeth (PLZ), Upington (UTN), Pilanesberg (NTY)

Privately Owned Airports

• Some South African airports are privately owned
• National: Pietermaritzburg Airport (PZB)
• International: Lanseria (HLA), Kruger Mpumalanga (MQP), Polokwane (PTG).

Airlines in South Africa

• South African Airways (SAA) is the national carrier with its hub at OR Tambo International Airport; operates domestic, regional, and international flights, offering full-service with economy and business class seating

Other domestic full-service airlines

• South African Express Airways and Airlink

Budget airlines

• Budget airlines do not include extra services in the ticket price so flights are usually cheaper
• Kulula.com and Mango Airlines currently operate in South Africa
• Budget airlines features: affordability, online check-in, boarding pass printing, specials and links with affordable car rental companies and accommodation

International Carriers

• Many international carriers have offices in South Africa and operate international flights to/from South Africa
• British Airways offers domestic flights in South Africa.

Airline Schedule Information

• Each airline has a timetable or schedule
• Schedules/timetables indicate the airports used, arrival/departure times, flight numbers, frequency, and aircraft type.

Airport terminology

• Airports have the landside (outside the terminal), airside (where planes park), and terminal (building for arriving/departing passengers) areas
• The landside includes areas such as drop-off zones, car rentals, and parking.

Check-in and Boarding Procedures

• Passengers go to the departures hall in the terminal building
• Airline official checks ID/passport and ticket/e-ticket, provides seat selection, and issues a boarding pass; baggage is weighed and checked in
• Passengers proceed to security with boarding pass and hand luggage.
• Hand luggage/carried items go through metal detector and X-ray.
• Passengers walk through a metal detector and X-ray machine
• International passengers proceed to passport control.
• Passengers proceed to the boarding gate.

Baggage Allowances (Domestic Flights)

• Baggage includes articles/personal items for wear, use, or comfort
• Checked baggage is baggage placed in the airline's custody
• Carry-on/hand luggage is unchecked and kept by the passenger
• Domestic routes: adults(30-40 kg business, 20 kg economy), children(30-40 kg Business, 20 kg Economy), infants(10 kg Business, 10kg economy)
• One piece of hand luggage allowed for economy; max 115cm (length + height + width) and 8kg. Business class: two items of 8kg each
• Prohibited hand luggage items: knives, blades, scissors, knitting needles, nail files
• Allowed hand luggage: medicines, toiletries, oxygen, 5 litres of alcohol, 0.05 litres of perfume, matches or a lighter

Safety procedures

• Safety procedures are explained or shown in a video before take-off
• Passengers must store their hand luggage in the overhead bins
• Passengers should fasten seatbelts during take-off and landing
• Tray tables must be locked, and passengers should be aware of emergency exits
• Use of oxygen masks and life jackets is explained
• Safety briefing cards are kept in seat pockets

Arrival at Destination Airport

• Passengers disembark and go into the terminal
• Passengers go to baggage claim to collect luggage
• Passengers proceed to the arrivals hall.
• International passengers go through immigration.

Aircraft Terminology

• Aisle: passage down the cabin's center
• Galley: kitchen area
• Cockpit: area at the front of the aircraft where pilots sit
• Overhead bins: small cupboards for hand luggage
• Tray tables: for food/drinks
• Cargo hold: checked baggage area
• Entertainment facilities are available
• Oxygen masks drop when cabin loses air pressure.

Seating in an Aeroplane

• Wide-body aircraft have two aisles
• Narrow-body aircraft have one aisle
• Business class seats are in the front and more spacious and can lie flat.
• Economy class section is at the back and seats are smaller.
• Window seats are next to the window.
• Aisle seats are next to the aisles.
• Emergency exit seats are above the wings.

Airport technology

• There is a variety of technology at airports to facilitate travel

Pre-flight and Post-flight Facilities

• Baggage wrap equipment wraps baggage in stretch plastic to protect against damage, moisture, etc.

Information Display Boards

• Flight information display screens (FIDS) show flights, times, gates, and status
• Public information screens indicate facilities
• Baggage claim information screens indicate baggage carousel.

Touch-screen Information Systems

• Touch-screen systems can find flight information, gate directions, and descriptions of terminal services.

Improving Airport Security

• Airports use technology to prevent terrorism and smuggling.

Public Address System

• Used for announcements.

Metal Detectors

• Archway and handheld metal detectors and X-ray scanners detect metal objects

X-ray Security Scanners

• X-ray scanners are used to check hand luggage for organic, inorganic and metal objects.

Thermal Body Scanners

• Thermal scanners register body temperatures over 38°C and help identify contagious passengers.

Biometric Scanners

• Biometric scanners scan biometric passports at automatic gates
• Passports contain: personal details, date of birth, place of birth and nationality, and scans of physical characteristics, such as fingerprints and iris
• Scanners compare a live image with the image stored on the chip

Electronic information

• Personal digital assistants (smartphones) are used to book flights, get e-tickets, check-in, choose a seat, and rent a car online
• Airports and airlines use various forms of electronic information which tourists use to find flights, book online and receive e-tickets, boarding passes can also be issued online
• Passengers can check-in online 24 hours before the flight.
• Electronic passports contain a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) chip.

The Tourism Bus Industry

• Minibuses include 12-seater buses and are used mainly by taxi operators as unmetered taxis to transport commuters
• Minibuses are also used by tourists to travel to attractions from accommodation
• Taxi Minibuses are used by locals that do not have their own transport for visiting families during holidays
• During festivals and big events taxi minibuses are used to transport tourists from stations to the event
• Private tour operators use these minibuses to take tourists on tours to selected attractions

Coaches, megabuses and sleeper coaches

• Coaches serve longer journeys compared to commuter buses
• Luxury coaches features: reclining/sleeper seats, air conditioning, entertainment, lights/heaters, on-board toilets and cabin attendants
• Coach passengers should book tickets and arrive 30 minutes before departure with 30 kg baggage allowance
• Coach transport is popular with the VFR tourist market
• Tour operators use coaches and megabuses for day excursions and overnight tours
• Tour buses are used by international tourists, forming 'transport as tourism'
• Megabuses are large buses seating more than 70 passengers
• Sleeper coaches undertake long overnight trips with reclining seats for inter-city domestic tourists without their own transport

Special-Purpose Buses

• Charter buses are used by tour operators for group tours
• Size of the bus depends on the group size

Open-top Buses

• Open-top buses are used for sightseeing
• These buses follow a tourist route connecting main attractions with audio commentary
• Effective way of exploring a destination with limited time, without self-driving

Shuttle Services

• Shuttle is a bus/minibus that travels between specific places at regular intervals e.g. hotels and airport
• Some tourist establishments have their own services

Baz Bus

• Baz Bus is a long-distance hop-on/hop-off bus service for budget travellers and backpackers
• The bus picks and drops passengers at more than 180 backpacking hostels between Cape Town and Johannesburg via Port Elizabeth and Durban

Bus Schedules and Route Maps

• Provide information for tourists

Bus Schedules

• Point of departure
• Destination
• Date of departure
• Scheduled time of departure
• Scheduled time of arrival.

The tourism train industry

• Commuter trains transport passengers between home and work
• Metrorail operates commuter trains in metropolitan areas inside regions and not between them
• Express trains provide fewer stops and offer more comfortable train and additional services like a complimentary newspaper
• Commuter trains aren't widely used by international tourists due to safety risks and routes
• Domestic tourists use commuter trains at their destination to visit attractions

Tourist trains

• Long distance tourist trains called intercity trains because they travel on train lines between cities
• Domestic tourists who do not have their own cars often use regular tourist trains to see family and friends, this is an affordable option
• International tourist use train transport as 'transport as tourism" because the tourist class option provides transport, accommodation, and meals
• Short distance tourist trains are called scenic trains
• Some tourist trains have sleeper coaches, with benches that can fold into sleeping bunks
• Sleeper coaches have showers and toilets for passengers

Seating arrangement

• Compartments can accommodate up to four passengers, and coupés can accommodate only two passengers.
• Tourists that make use of sleeper coaches buy tourist class tickets which are more expensive than economy class tickets.
• Passengers travelling on sleeper coaches can purchase bedding tickets on board, or bring their own bedding.
• Sitter coaches have rows of seats for tourists that make use of sitter coaches buy economy class tickets are a lower fare.
• Sitter coaches have flushable toilets at each end.
• Luxury long distance trains have coaches with lounges or lounge cars where snacks and drinks are served and they also offer a bar service

Heritage, novelty and scenic tourist trains

• These often operate on limited schedules or on special occasions
• Examples are the Umgeni Steam Railway and Atlantic Rail.

Luxury Trains

• Offer only sleeper accommodation with luxurious options and various sized compartments
• Compartment generally have their own en-suite bathrooms. they also have very luxurious lounges and dining cars
• Some offer day trips to passengers when they stop at a destination.
• Fares are very expensive/ International tourists and tourists with a large disposable income make use of these trains
• These trains offer more than a transport service, its transport as tourism because it includes accommodation, meals, laundry services, and many others luxury services.
• The Blue Train, Rovos Rail, Shongololo Express and Premier Classe are examples of luxury trains.
• A train schedule provides information such as when the train will travel, the destinations it will travel to, and departure and arrival times

Schedules

• Schedule differences: compare the Shosholoza schedule with the Rovos Rail Schedule.

Fares

• Rovos schedule indicates 15routes and not just one route.
• Rovos schedule indicates the specific dates in each month.
• Data schedule for Rovos does not indicate the departure and arrival times
• Fares depend on route and class of travel.
• there are cheaper low season fares which usually apply to out of season periods
• High season fares apply to during the Easter Holiday when more people can travel
• Fares on luxury trains are much higher, depends on the accommodation the person has booked
• The fare includes all meals drinks and off trains
• The Rovos schedule does not have separate low & high rates
• Rovos table does indicate suite and single supplements

The Gautrain

• Mass rapid transport system

Exterior appearance

• Modern and aerodynamic exterior design

Interior appearance

• Modern and comfortable interior design

Security

• CCTV cameras provide recorded coverage of all stations and key locations along the route
• Security guards on duty all the time in each station and parking area
• Buses linked to the Gautrain system are equipped with tracking devices.
• Secure fences and regular patrols.

Gautrain Technology

• Travel at speed sup to 180 km/h
• The Gautrain uses advanced technology for ticketing, boarding and announcements.
• Uses a Gold Card onto which credits can be loaded for train and bus
• There are different fares depending on tickets the passenger travels with
• There is a public address system
• An electronic system calculates fare and discounts on a passengers travel card
• Information boards display the arrival and departure times of trains
• Pre recorded announcements are made
• The process is similar for boarding the Gautrain buses, but here passengers only have to tag in to go on board

The benefits of the Gautrain for the tourism industry

• Provides a safe easy and fast way of travelling for tourists.
• Connects the two cities
• The station link the gateways to to attractions
• Car hire stations are linked near the stations .

Routes, parking facilities and bus service

• There are two main routes

New Developments on The Gautrain-

• Include a rapid rail link

Luxury Cruise Liner Industry

• Cruise liner/ ship is a passenger ship used for pleasure, the ship itself and amenities
• Cruise liners are floating luxury hotels and carry between a few hundred to nearly two thousand people
• Cruise ships operate around coastlines depending on seasons

Cruise liner Concepts

• Not all ports in South Africa can accommodate cruise ships
• Main ports of call are Cape Town, Mossel Bay, Durban, Port Elizabeth
• Some parts that receive cruise ships have cruise terminals

Cabins and State Rooms

• Cabins are located on the side of ships facing se and have windows on the inside of ships without windows
• Cabins usually have air conditioning, and private safes and 24 hour room service
• Cabins can accommodate either two people or to adults and two children
• Number and size of cabins depend on ship size

Cabins

• Suites are larger rooms with lounge area and privet balconies suitable for families
• State rooms are first class cabins Facilities of State Rooms
• Luxury bathrooms, bathrobe, beach towels telephone and complimentary 24 hour service

1. 3 Decks

• Cruise ships have different floors given names
• There are restaurants on most deck
• Some may have special purposes for multi pool decks Facilities and entertainment on board
• The entertainment ship as a whole is ran smoothly
• Entertainment team organise activities like golf, lessons of act, lectures of culture entertainment

Facilities

• Spa treatment

• Gyms and facilities such as for photographers and beauty parlors and internet facilities

• Cruise prices include three meals and buffets everyday

• Cruise packages is available in summer in SA

• Route, size of cabin will determine the cost

• Price includes always meals and entertainment.

• Cruises around SA

• MSC (mediterranen shipping company St alight return cruises trips every summer Cape Town trip to Indian ocean

• Silversea offers 10 day cruise from Cape to Town in the silver wind. Silversea also also offers a 10 day cruise also from Port Louise, to Cape.

Cruises to and from South Africa

• Offers 10 day cruises trips from Mauritius to Cape Town
• The Cunard offers 16 day cruises trips on the Queen 2 Mary from Britain
• The Oceania also offer cruises on Oceania to Singapore

Car Rental

• Car rental provides a flexible means of transport:
• Tourists drive where they want

Car Rental Companies

• There are many different car rental shops in SA
• Bigger car rental shops are in all the major airports in SA
• Smaller car companies operate in certain provinces
• SAVRALA is the name for the car rentals in SA

Conditions for Renting a Vehicle

• Must be above over a certain age to rent a vehicle
• Must pay a certain age to surcharge and get insurance
• Need to been driving to have a license for a certain amount of time
• Person renting must pay any amount insurance might not cover
• Insurance

Conditions to follow

• Can use as much amount of cost of the rental
• Has to sign a contact to be a le to rent the car
• Car depend on each others company
• car rental rates differ from one company to another depending on number of cars

Rental

• Packages can be rented

• Better car rental rates for longer

• Better rate over weekends

• total rental the cost would be in period.

• Renters collect there costs, equipment

• Types of equipment transmissions

• rental vehicles vary in size and transmissions

Insurance

• Type of insurance can be rented to out
• Collision damage waiver (CDW) insurance the renters will pay a set amount, it covers that it is rented in the case
• To avoid the excess, the renter can choose a higher car rental rate that includes a super collision damage waiver (SCDW) and a super theft loss waiver (STLW). Additional costs and charges
• A tourism levy of 1% is included is rental prices or additional costs
• If a renter does nt return the car tank rental they substract to pay for it An airport surcharge is a fee added to in the rental fee to cover the cost
• If another person is driving that the renters has to pay an insurance fee

Incidental costs

• Is charged to cover cost for new contract
• To deliver and collect they charge

Car Rental in SA

• car rentals need a contact A one trip they charge more cross border trips has a fee charged to it incidental cost
• Cost when rentining with kids

Car rental payment options

• Car rental companies rent with a car credit
• car rental car car rental companies
• The renters must pay at a later stage , they may have to used a bill back voucher To collect the a rented costs
• They pay by using credit card with a large sum already charged more then needed

Car Rental Calculations

• pay with the renter with full cost
• renter collects car for only part of the day
• The renter will pay the day
• depends on how many days that it get and travel
• depends on how long on the road.
• Types of cars that they will renter Type fo kilometers and payments extra
• how long travel types customer likes

1. Caculate the day that the rental fees are needed
2. The renter has extra for rental fees

• they calclate that will renters will need the kilometers and what there rental cost will be. They make sure and know the payments , calclation payments , what will the cost for travel be they calclae how far the payments they are travelling to

• They has insurance charges such as cost for baby seas

• They alos calcutae additional charges They add all the calclauteds from payment They have to exclude it if they do nt use it. If it can be used.