Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is classified as a full agonist opioid?
Which of the following is classified as a full agonist opioid?
- Naloxone
- Buprenorphine
- Butorphanol
- Morphine (correct)
Which opioid receptor is activated by Dynorphine?
Which opioid receptor is activated by Dynorphine?
- Kappa (correct)
- Sigma
- Delta
- Mu
What is a common effect associated with full agonist opioids?
What is a common effect associated with full agonist opioids?
- Insomnia
- Anorexia
- Respiratory depression (correct)
- Diarrhea
Which of the following opioids is known for causing less respiratory depression compared to mu agonists?
Which of the following opioids is known for causing less respiratory depression compared to mu agonists?
Which opioid receptor activation leads to analgesia in the supraspinal and spinal regions?
Which opioid receptor activation leads to analgesia in the supraspinal and spinal regions?
Which effect on ion channels is associated with the postsynaptic activation of opioid receptors?
Which effect on ion channels is associated with the postsynaptic activation of opioid receptors?
What is a common location for opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is a common location for opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)?
What effect does presynaptic activation of opioid receptors have on calcium channels?
What effect does presynaptic activation of opioid receptors have on calcium channels?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of full opioid agonists like morphine?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of full opioid agonists like morphine?
What is the result of activating delta opioid receptors?
What is the result of activating delta opioid receptors?
Which of the following is NOT a full agonist opioid?
Which of the following is NOT a full agonist opioid?
Which of the following is considered a risk factor when prescribing opioid analgesics?
Which of the following is considered a risk factor when prescribing opioid analgesics?
Where are the Kappa receptors located?
Where are the Kappa receptors located?
Which of the following is a symptom of opioid withdrawal?
Which of the following is a symptom of opioid withdrawal?
Which of the following is considered a full agonist?
Which of the following is considered a full agonist?
What receptor do full agonists activate to produce analgesia?
What receptor do full agonists activate to produce analgesia?
Which of the following is not an adverse affect?
Which of the following is not an adverse affect?
What kind of affect do opioids have on patients with increased intercranial pressure?
What kind of affect do opioids have on patients with increased intercranial pressure?
Which of the following can cause constipation?
Which of the following can cause constipation?
What class of analgesic is Codeine?
What class of analgesic is Codeine?
Flashcards
Full agonist (opioids)
Full agonist (opioids)
Activates mu receptor producing analgesia (supra-spinal + spinal); Variable delta + kappa agonist.
Kappa agonist
Kappa agonist
Less respiratory depression compared to mu; Location: CNS, striatum.
Delta agonist
Delta agonist
Activate delta receptor producing analgesia (supra-spinal + spinal); Location: CNS.
Study Notes
Full Agonists
- Examples include Morphine, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, Meperidine, Oxymorphone, and Methadone
- These activate mu receptors, producing analgesia in the supra-spinal and spinal regions
- They act as variable delta and kappa agonists
- Opioid receptors are located in the CNS (brain), limbic system, thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens
- Activation of opioid receptors postsynaptically opens K+ channels, leading to hyperpolarization
- Presynaptically, opioid receptor activation closes Ca2+ channels, preventing neurotransmitter release
Effects
- Can result in analgesia, severe pain relief, and anesthesia
- Can cause nausea, respiratory depression, and euphoria
- Can cause withdrawal symptoms and have an antitussive effect
- Can cause immunosuppression, hypotension, and constipation
- Can cause urinary retention and have an antidiuretic effect
- Can lead to addiction and opioid dependence (Methadone)
Adverse Effects
- Can cause asthma, renal failure, and liver failure
- Can cause complications during pregnancy
- Can cause respiratory depression and increased intracranial pressure
- Can cause hypersensitivity
Kappa Agonists
- Examples include Dynorphine and Asimadoline
- These activate kappa receptors, producing analgesia in the supra-spinal and spinal regions
- The location of the receptors are in the CNS and striatum
- Kappa agonists cause less respiratory depression compared to mu agonists
- They also cause constipation, sedation, and addiction
Delta Agonists
- Example is Deltorphine
- These activate delta receptors, producing analgesia in the supra-spinal and spinal regions
- The receptor location is the CNS
- They cause respiratory depression and addiction .
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