فصل 1 انقلاب اسلامی: تحلیل رویدادهای پیچیده

• The text is the first chapter of a book about the Islamic Revolution which focuses on the need for correctly analysing complex events.
• The chapter aims to answer the following questions:
  • Why is it necessary to repeatedly discuss the Islamic Revolution?
  • Do all political viewpoints define "politics" in the same way, and how does the definition of politics vary across different perspectives?
  • What are the differences between religious and secular politics?
  • What constitutes a correct political analysis?
  • What knowledge is necessary to accurately understand the Islamic Revolution?

The Necessity of Studying the Islamic Revolution

• The book aims to provide an understanding of the Islamic Revolution as the most comprehensive and significant revolution among those that have occurred worldwide over the past 300 years.
• Its purposes are:
  • To familiarize the reader with this crucial political event in Iranian history.
  • To enable comparing the Iranian Revolution with other global revolutions.
  • To understand its unique characteristics and differences.
  • To provide reasons why it's considered the most significant revolution.
  • To foster pride in this major transformation in Iranian history, achieved through the efforts of the faithful Iranian people and their unparalleled leadership.
  • To understand the factors and causes leading to its formation and ultimate triumph.

Understanding the Islamic Republic

• The book also aims to introduce the Islamic Republic as one of the significant achievements of the revolution.
• It aims to explore the political, cultural, and economic structures of the Islamic Republic.
• It provides an overview of its critical aspects in the constitution and in comparison with other systems of government.

Essential Political Knowledge

• It highlights the need to understand the definitions and differences in political concepts.
• It discusses the importance of understanding political issues in today's world due to increased global communication and cultural development.
• It contrasts modern societies with past societies where governments primarily focused on taxation, border security, and internal order, all for self-preservation.
• Governments in the past showed little responsibility towards citizens affected by disasters.
• Historically, rulers even restricted education to their own families, while today, people worldwide are aware of each other's situations.
• Today people know a lot about other countries' cultures, economies, governments, policies, and freedoms, which facilitates comparison.
• Politics is now intertwined with all aspects of human life, making it inseparable from other elements.

Relationship Between Politics and Economics

• Politics is closely linked to economics, reflecting concerns such as:
  • Economic policies of the government
  • Economic justice
  • Inflation
  • Employment
  • Unemployment
  • Social welfare
  • Purchasing power
  • Cost of living

Relationship Between Politics and Law

• Politics is also related to law in areas like:
  • Individual and social rights and freedoms
  • Human rights
  • Women's rights
  • Children's rights
• Views on these matters depend on one's definition of humanity, whether as a one-dimensional being focused on animalistic desires (as in Western secularism) or as a two-dimensional being with reason and intellect.
• Views also change if a more theological view is taken e.g. with a balance between physicality, rationality, and spirituality, with an emphasis on recognizing values.

The Interplay of Politics and Culture

• Politics interacts with culture through social relationships and norms.
• This includes cultural displays (e.g., clothing), and how politicians use cultural tools to achieve political goals, demonstrating the close relationship between culture and politics.

Politics, Science, and Technology

• The most prevalent form of espionage involves industrial and scientific espionage, aimed at hindering the progress of other nations and preserving the monopolies of technologically advanced countries.
• Developed countries will take any necessary action to prevent other nations from advancing.

The Connection Between Politics and Faith

• The connection between politics and religion has existed since the beginning of human life.
• The idea of separating religion from politics has always been considered wrong.
• Politicians who were against religion, knowing it would impede with their agendas, have consistently worked to push it out of the social and political domains.
• Considering that politics is integral to life, nobody can be apolitical; however, people can be divided into two categories:
  • Those who are politically inclined but may not want to participate in politics.
  • Those who do wish to participate in politics.
  • Those who want to make political decisions which require more knowledge to make informed decisions

Societal Impacts on Political Views

• The scope of politics varies depending on different stages of people's lives and the nature of social relationships prevailing in societies, the kind of operation of forms of government and relationships with people.
• This results in varying definitions of politics from the viewpoint of political sociology, which are consistent with the prevailing era and conditions.
• Below are a few of the definitions that are consistent with social circumstances.

Defining Politics from Different Perspectives

• Outside the Religious Sphere:
  • "The method of governing" is a definition that was primarily for protection.
  • It's linked to a time when governments lacked accountability.
  • They focused primarily on tasks like collecting taxes to manage their administration, maintaining borders to safeguard their authority, and preserving internal order.
  • They maintain order in order to govern peacefully and are accustomed to making concessions to influential individuals in exchange for maintaining their domains.
  • Political sociology during this period has the definition which describes the methods used by a government to rule itself, and not society.
  • Later on governments began to consider the needs of society rather than itself i.e. a means for those in charge to sway the public at the same time.
  • In reality, the public is being misled, and government now has the definition of "administering a a country by using the achievements of the social sciences".
  • To break this down in relation to the social sciences, it includes an awareness of people's psychology, sociology, and culture.
• The definition contrasts with the first, which focused solely on administration without considering the people, but in the given definition, the entire country is taken into account.
• So, people are also taken into account, but because the methods which the government follows means the public view doesn't count.
• But fundamentally it serves no function, since the structure of politics and the associated relationships are built on accomplishments from social sciences and the like.
• Economic laws, information, and statistics are used to deceive individuals into thinking they have a major role when, in effect, there is not one.
• "The technique of enforcing will" is the knowledge that a politician uses to inflict his intent over the masses.
• It also takes conditions into account and utilizes "guided democracy" to deceive and conceal.
• Furthermore with propaganda, the young population are the ones largely targeted.

Political Definitions and Islam

• Meanwhile this definition of politics, which is very complex, has a comprehensive style.
• It's also very treacherous; ordinary people cannot easily grasp its schemes.
• It's in the organizations now controlling the system the most, due to this definition of politics is in this day and age, in the political scheme overarching international states.
• However, if we want a more useful explanation that is based on human values apart from religion, it is possible to discover the translation below:
  • "The science of arranging human relations and managing a state's affairs on the basis of human nature and the will of the majority".
  • But in reality, the major powers within the international system still use the deceptive system and the science of applying will (over others).
• Other differences that the Islamic definition has from non-Islamic definitions is that religion is central, and the goal is social reform (see below):
  • "Islamic politics is the use of improving society to guide individuals to the road to salvation both in the world and in the afterlife ".

Requirements for Correct Political Analysis

• Principles to Adhere to one of Ali’s sayings:
  • "May God have mercy on a person who knows where he came from, where he is, and where he is going."
• This saying reflects three principles of right analysis, know:
  • Where something came from, recognizing the roots of a phenomenon.
  • Where it is: How events are in the current situation.
  • Where is it going: The goal it is looking for.
• To gain an understanding for information of the thing you are trying to analyse it is important to have:
  • Relevant news and data: An analyst ought to have enough sound information on the subject at hand.
  • Knowledge and political insight: In addition to mastering the previous four things, the analyst must have political insight and knowledge on the issue.
  • Impartiality: The above five principles provide an analyst the capability to assess political instances, but a crucial idea should be noted: that a good analyst does not integrate his temperaments when breaking down the political issue.
  • Responsiveness to suspicions and likely questions.

The Study of the Islamic Revolution in Iran

• The Iranian revolution of Islam is a sociological phenomenon.
• In order to analyse correctly, the aspects mentioned must be considered to be fair and objective, without any bias.