Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes a strawman fallacy?
What characterizes a strawman fallacy?
Which fallacy occurs when someone shifts the responsibility of proof to others?
Which fallacy occurs when someone shifts the responsibility of proof to others?
What is a false dichotomy?
What is a false dichotomy?
Which fallacy involves assuming a cause based solely on a time sequence?
Which fallacy involves assuming a cause based solely on a time sequence?
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What does a slippery slope fallacy entail?
What does a slippery slope fallacy entail?
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What is a potential issue with a sample size of 3,000 plumbers to make conclusions about all plumbers?
What is a potential issue with a sample size of 3,000 plumbers to make conclusions about all plumbers?
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What is the core issue with hasty generalizations?
What is the core issue with hasty generalizations?
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Which fallacy involves making assumptions that what is true for the parts must also be true for the whole?
Which fallacy involves making assumptions that what is true for the parts must also be true for the whole?
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How does an ad hominem attack function in an argument?
How does an ad hominem attack function in an argument?
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What is a characteristic of the 'Red Herring Fallacy'?
What is a characteristic of the 'Red Herring Fallacy'?
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Which of the following demonstrates bad reasoning fallacy?
Which of the following demonstrates bad reasoning fallacy?
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What is a flaw in reasoning when suggesting that something should remain as is because it has always been done that way?
What is a flaw in reasoning when suggesting that something should remain as is because it has always been done that way?
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Which reasoning is flawed by believing that something natural is inherently better than something unnatural?
Which reasoning is flawed by believing that something natural is inherently better than something unnatural?
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What does the Appeal to Common Practice imply about decision-making?
What does the Appeal to Common Practice imply about decision-making?
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In the provided examples, why is the argument about Buddhism's superiority flawed?
In the provided examples, why is the argument about Buddhism's superiority flawed?
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How can tautology be best described in reasoning?
How can tautology be best described in reasoning?
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Study Notes
Fallacious Arguments: A Summary
- Fallacies are flaws in the logic or reasoning of an argument. They can arise from either unintentional mistakes or deliberate manipulation.
Types of Fallacious Arguments
- Straw Man Fallacy (偷換概念): Misrepresents, distorts, or exaggerates someone's position to make it easier to refute. It focuses on a weakened version of the original argument.
- False Dichotomy (假兩難推理): Presents a limited set of options when more alternatives exist. It artificially restricts choices.
- Burden of Proof Fallacy (舉證責任): The arguer avoids proving their claim by shifting the responsibility of disproving it onto the opponent. Essentially, the lack of evidence for the opposing view becomes, in their opinion, evidence for their own view.
- Slippery Slope Fallacy (滑坡謬誤): Suggests one event will inevitably lead to a series of increasingly negative consequences without sufficient evidence. It often combines fear tactics.
- False Cause Fallacy (因果謬誤): Assumes a relationship between two events merely because they occur sequentially. "After this, therefore because of this" is a key indicator.
- Tu Quoque Fallacy (訴諸偽善): Discredits an argument by pointing out the arguer's hypocrisy or inconsistency. Essentially, arguing that a person cannot criticize someone else because the critic has also done the same thing.
- Ad Hominem Attack (人身攻擊): Attacks the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
- Bad Reasoning Fallacy: Provides premises that are insufficient to support the conclusion. There is a gap in logic.
- Hasty Generalization (草率歸納): Draws a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence. Crucially, the sample size must be carefully considered as well as whether or not it is truly representative of the larger population.
- Tautology (重言句): Uses circular reasoning; the conclusion is implied in the premise. It's simply rewording the same idea, but not actually explaining anything beyond the simple restatement.
- Red Herring Fallacy (紅鯡魚謬誤): Introduces an irrelevant point to distract from the main issue.
- Fallacy of Composition (合成謬誤): Assumes that what is true of the parts is also true of the whole.
- Appeal to Tradition (訴諸傳統): Argues that something is good or correct simply because it's traditional.
- Appeal to Common Practice (訴諸群眾): Argues that something is correct because many people do it.
- Appeal to Nature: Argues that something is good because it's natural.
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Description
Explore the various types of fallacies that can undermine reasoning in arguments. This quiz covers key concepts such as Straw Man Fallacy, False Dichotomy, Burden of Proof, and Slippery Slope Fallacy, helping you identify flaws in logic and enhance your critical thinking skills.
