Ethics in Research and Reporting
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Questions and Answers

What is the ethical importance of confidentiality in a professional setting?

  • It encourages sharing confidential content with competitors.
  • It allows for manipulation of data to reach desired outcomes.
  • It ensures all findings are disclosed to the public.
  • It protects sensitive information from unauthorized access. (correct)

    • Which action would violate ethical guidelines related to accessibility?

  • Hacking into a computer system to obtain information. (correct)
  • Using open-source material provided by the author.
  • Obtaining permission to access restricted content.
  • Purchasing access to a legal database.

    • What is a key principle of accurate, unbiased reporting?

  • Stating all findings as they are discovered without alteration. (correct)
  • Including personal opinions to influence reader perceptions.
  • Reporting only the findings that support one's hypothesis.
  • Making assumptions to fill gaps in the reporting.

    • What represents an ethical consideration regarding the legality of content access?

    <p>Ensuring access to content is obtained through legitimate means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it unethical to alter findings in a report?

    <p>It can lead to discrediting one’s professional reputation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strengths of content analyses?

    <p>Reliability due to consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of content analyses?

    <p>Limited to recorded communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of secondary data?

    <p>Statistical Abstract published by U.S. Census Bureau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aggregated data in units of analysis typically describes which of the following?

    <p>Groups based on shared characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strength of content analyses?

    <p>Inclusive of all forms of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major issue regarding the validity of existing crime statistics?

    <p>Conceptual definitions of crimes are often inconsistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reliability issue related to crime reporting?

    <p>Different states define crimes differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sources can be used for comparative and historical research?

    <p>Public records, periodicals, and journals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research focuses on existing sources for historical information?

    <p>Comparative and historical research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues is highlighted when considering crime measurements?

    <p>Unreported crimes can lead to underestimations of crime rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of unobtrusive research?

    <p>It studies social behavior without influencing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue does unobtrusive research help to overcome?

    <p>Demoralization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does content analysis primarily focus on?

    <p>Detailed study of recorded human communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In content analysis, what is meant by 'unit of analysis'?

    <p>The specific element being analyzed within the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a method of unobtrusive research?

    <p>Conducting surveys with participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of probability sampling?

    <p>It uses a specified sampling frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'manifest content' refer to in content analysis?

    <p>The observable and tangible aspects of communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is associated with measuring reliability in content analysis?

    <p>Standardized and objective criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When selecting content for analysis, which factor is essential in defining the sampling frame?

    <p>The date range of the documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a quantitative approach in coding content?

    <p>Counting relevant words and frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethics

    • Confidentiality
    • Accessibility
      • Ensure legal access to content
        • No CPU hacking
        • Do not use postal intercept
    • Accurate, unbiased reporting
      • Only report what is found
      • Do not alter findings to support a preconceived or desired conclusion

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    Description

    This quiz addresses key ethical principles in research and reporting, including the importance of confidentiality, unbiased reporting, and the legality of content access. It also explores the strengths and limitations of content analyses and issues related to crime statistics. Test your understanding of ethical guidelines and research methodologies.

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