Environmental Science: Water, Climate, and Ecology

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for water that flows over the land surface?

  • Watershed
  • Runoff (correct)
  • Flood plain
  • Tributary

A watershed is an area of land where all water drains to a common outlet.

True (A)

Name one component of a river system.

Tributary

A flat area of land near a river that is subject to flooding is called a ________.

<p>flood plain</p>
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What type of water pollution comes from a specific, identifiable location?

<p>Point source pollution (A)</p>
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Agricultural runoff is an example of point source pollution.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the term for the excessive enrichment of a body of water with nutrients?

<p>Eutrophication</p>
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Nutrient pollution can cause ________, which leads to dead zones in bodies of water.

<p>eutrophication</p>
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What is a coastal body of water where freshwater from rivers mixes with saltwater from the ocean called?

<p>Estuary (D)</p>
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Wetlands are areas that are not typically saturated with water.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Name one factor that contributes to climate change.

<p>Greenhouse gases</p>
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The ________ effect is the process by which certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat.

<p>greenhouse</p>
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Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

<p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p>
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The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Give one example of a human activity that impacts the carbon cycle.

<p>Deforestation</p>
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Reducing your ________ involves minimizing your impact on the environment through lifestyle choices.

<p>carbon footprint</p>
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Which of these is a way to reduce your carbon footprint?

<p>Recycling and conserving energy (A)</p>
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Animals never respond to seasonal changes.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Give one example of how plants respond to seasonal changes.

<p>Leaf color change</p>
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Match each term with its description:

<p>Runoff = Water flowing over land Watershed = Area where water drains to a common outlet Estuary = Where freshwater mixes with saltwater Climate Change = Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns</p>
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Flashcards

What is Runoff?

Water flowing over the land's surface.

What is a River System?

A network of natural channels and waterways.

What are Tributaries?

Smaller streams or rivers that flow into a larger river.

What is a Watershed?

An area of land where all water drains into a common outlet.

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What is a Flood Plain?

Flat area next to a river that is subject to flooding.

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What is Point Source Pollution?

Pollution from a single, identifiable source.

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What is Non-Point Source Pollution?

Pollution from diffuse sources.

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What is Eutrophication?

Excessive nutrients in a body of water, often leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

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What is an Estuary?

A partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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What are Wetlands?

Land consisting of marshes or swamps; saturated land.

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What is Climate Change?

A long-term change in global or regional climate patterns.

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What is the Greenhouse Effect?

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

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What is the Carbon Cycle?

The cycle through which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living organisms.

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What is a Carbon Footprint?

The amount of carbon dioxide emissions associated with all the activities of a person or other entity.

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Study Notes

  • This study guide provides an overview of interconnected environmental science topics.

Water Systems

  • Key vocabulary includes runoff, river systems, tributaries, watersheds, and flood plains.
  • A watershed is illustrated through diagrams.

Water Pollution

  • Point source pollution originates from a single, identifiable source.
  • Non-point source pollution comes from diffuse sources.
  • Eutrophication is a type of pollution.
  • Pollution types can be matched to their causes and effects.

Environmental Concerns

  • Estuaries and wetlands are important ecosystems.
  • Climate change is a significant environmental issue.
  • The greenhouse effect contributes to climate change.
  • The carbon cycle is essential for regulating Earth's climate.
  • Human impacts on the environment are a major concern.
  • Reducing one's carbon footprint can help mitigate environmental damage.

Seasonal Changes

  • Plants and animals respond to seasonal changes.

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