Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes the sporulated oocysts of Isospora spp. from Eimeria spp.?
What distinguishes the sporulated oocysts of Isospora spp. from Eimeria spp.?
What are gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) eggs commonly referred to as?
What are gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) eggs commonly referred to as?
What does the FAMACHA system assess in small ruminants?
What does the FAMACHA system assess in small ruminants?
Which internal parasite is associated with the Baermann technique for recovery?
Which internal parasite is associated with the Baermann technique for recovery?
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What is the common name of the endoparasite that produces a GIN egg found in horses and ruminants?
What is the common name of the endoparasite that produces a GIN egg found in horses and ruminants?
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Which protozoan parasite is known to cause abortion in cattle?
Which protozoan parasite is known to cause abortion in cattle?
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Which endoparasite is linked to severe diarrhea and dehydration in young ruminants?
Which endoparasite is linked to severe diarrhea and dehydration in young ruminants?
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Where do the adults of the brown stomach worm reside in ruminants?
Where do the adults of the brown stomach worm reside in ruminants?
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Why is Haemonchus contortus resistant to most dewormers?
Why is Haemonchus contortus resistant to most dewormers?
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What is one factor that exacerbates the resistance of Haemonchus contortus to dewormers?
What is one factor that exacerbates the resistance of Haemonchus contortus to dewormers?
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What is the intermediate host for the common liver fluke?
What is the intermediate host for the common liver fluke?
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Which endoparasite undergoes hypobiosis in sheep and can synchronize its life cycle with host availability?
Which endoparasite undergoes hypobiosis in sheep and can synchronize its life cycle with host availability?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of GIN eggs?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of GIN eggs?
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What type of ova is associated with Nematodirus spp.?
What type of ova is associated with Nematodirus spp.?
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Which method is used to diagnose Eimeria spp. infections?
Which method is used to diagnose Eimeria spp. infections?
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What is the definitive host for the parasite Muellerius capillaris?
What is the definitive host for the parasite Muellerius capillaris?
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What is the scientific name of the tapeworm studied in ruminants, and what is its intermediate host?
What is the scientific name of the tapeworm studied in ruminants, and what is its intermediate host?
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Which endoparasite can cause bloody diarrhea and death in young ruminants?
Which endoparasite can cause bloody diarrhea and death in young ruminants?
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What clinical sign is commonly associated with Haemonchus contortus infections in adult cows?
What clinical sign is commonly associated with Haemonchus contortus infections in adult cows?
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What is the main appearance difference between Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts?
What is the main appearance difference between Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts?
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Which internal parasite eggs are comparable to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) eggs in horses?
Which internal parasite eggs are comparable to gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) eggs in horses?
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What does the FAMACHA system primarily evaluate in sheep and goats?
What does the FAMACHA system primarily evaluate in sheep and goats?
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Which technique is ideal for recovering Muellerius capillaris in small ruminants?
Which technique is ideal for recovering Muellerius capillaris in small ruminants?
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Which endoparasite is known for causing severe anemia in sheep and goats?
Which endoparasite is known for causing severe anemia in sheep and goats?
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What factor contributes significantly to the resistance of Haemonchus contortus to dewormers?
What factor contributes significantly to the resistance of Haemonchus contortus to dewormers?
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Which of the following measures is crucial in managing Haemonchus contortus infections?
Which of the following measures is crucial in managing Haemonchus contortus infections?
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What do GIN eggs generally look like?
What do GIN eggs generally look like?
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What is the anatomical location of Trichostrongylus axei within ruminants?
What is the anatomical location of Trichostrongylus axei within ruminants?
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What term is used to define the eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes?
What term is used to define the eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes?
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What type of environment is crucial for the health of pastures used for grazing?
What type of environment is crucial for the health of pastures used for grazing?
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What is a common characteristic of the bacterium Tritrichomonas foetus?
What is a common characteristic of the bacterium Tritrichomonas foetus?
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Which endoparasite's adults reside in the bile ducts of ruminants?
Which endoparasite's adults reside in the bile ducts of ruminants?
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Which of the following endoparasites undergoes hypobiosis in horses?
Which of the following endoparasites undergoes hypobiosis in horses?
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How can Cryptosporidium spp. infections be correctly diagnosed?
How can Cryptosporidium spp. infections be correctly diagnosed?
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What is the primary consequence of grazing strategies that involve grazing on wet grass?
What is the primary consequence of grazing strategies that involve grazing on wet grass?
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What is the role of healthy soil in the context of pasture management?
What is the role of healthy soil in the context of pasture management?
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Which endoparasite is associated with significant clinical signs in young ruminants such as diarrhea and dehydration?
Which endoparasite is associated with significant clinical signs in young ruminants such as diarrhea and dehydration?
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What is the main transmission route of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
What is the main transmission route of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle?
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What is the intermediate host for Moniezia spp. in ruminants?
What is the intermediate host for Moniezia spp. in ruminants?
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Study Notes
Endoparasites of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats: Study Notes
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Isospora vs. Eimeria Oocysts:
- Isospora spp.: Two sporocysts per oocyst, each with four sporozoites.
- Eimeria spp.: Four sporocysts per oocyst, each with two sporozoites. Key difference in sporocyst arrangement.
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Gastrointestinal Nematode (GIN) Eggs:
- Oval, thin-shelled, resemble a morula (cluster of cells).
- Resemble eggs of Strongyles (horses), Hookworms (dogs/cats), and Roundworms (dogs/cats). Note the broad range of hosts.
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FAMACHA System:
- Used to assess anemia in sheep and goats due to Haemonchus contortus.
- Match eye mucous membrane color to a laminated chart, which has five color categories corresponding to anemia levels. A practical tool for farmers.
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Baermann Technique:
- Used to recover Muellerius capillaris (goat lungworm). Not used for identifying other parasites. This technique targets specific parasites.
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Diarrhea in Young Ruminants:
- Trichostrongylus axei: Can cause severe diarrhea, dehydration, and death in young ruminants.
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Severe Anemia in Ruminants:
- Haemonchus contortus: Causes severe anemia, and is often resistant to anthelminthics. A major concern for ruminant health.
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Haemonchus contortus Resistance:
- Factors contributing to resistance include genetic diversity, frequent deworming with the same drugs, under-dosing, and anthelminthic resistance refugia.
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Preventing Damage from Haemonchus contortus:
- Key strategies include good pastures, pasture rotation, grazing strategies (avoiding dew), avoiding co-grazing certain species, alternative forages like birdsfoot trefoil, healthy soil management, nutritional management, genetics, and appropriate anthelminthic use. Comprehensive approach essential for control.
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Nematodirus spp. Ovum:
- Very large, oval or elliptical, smooth-walled ova.
- Contain an 8-cell morula and are significantly larger than GIN eggs.
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Brown Stomach Worm:
- Scientific name: Ostertagia spp. (cattle) and Teladorsagia spp (sheep/goats). Adults in abomasum.
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Hypobiosis in Parasites:
- Cyathostomin (horses), Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia spp, and Trichostrongylus axei exhibit hypobiosis in response to host environments. This allows them to survive unfavorable conditions.
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Haemonchus contortus (Barber Pole Worm):
- Scientific name: Haemonchus contortus. Adults in the abomasum, feeding on host blood . Crucial to understand its location.
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Strongyloides spp.:
- Scientific name: Strongyloides spp. A GIN-type parasite found in horses and ruminants.
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Abortion in Cattle (Protozoa):
- Tritrichomonas foetus. This protozoan is problematic, often causing reproductive issues.
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Moniezia spp. (Tapeworm):
- Scientific name: Moniezia spp. Intermediate host: orbatid mite. Diagnosis via standard flotation methods.
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Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke):
- Scientific name: Fasciola hepatica. Found in bile ducts of ruminants. Intermediate host: snail.
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Bloody Diarrhea in Young Ruminants (Protozoa):
- Eimeria spp (Coccidia). Diagnosis with PCR and/or fecal flotation.
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Watery Diarrhea in Young Ruminants (Protozoa):
- Cryptosporidium spp. Diagnosis via fecal flotation with sugar solution, acid-fast stain or PCR. Note the varied diagnostic tools.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the endoparasites affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. This quiz covers key differences between Isospora and Eimeria oocysts, gastrointestinal nematode eggs, and practical assessment techniques like the FAMACHA system. Understand the implications of these parasites in ruminant health.
