Computer Science Fundamentals Quiz

Law is a system of rules, regulations, and norms to govern, maintain, and achieve order and justice.
There is no universally accepted definition of law. Some legal thinkers prioritize defining law by what it is not or by its purpose.
Every society has its own rules, but these are not always considered law.
Law is closely interconnected with ethics and morality.
Social values and morality shape acceptable laws. Laws must be accepted by the majority of society to be enforced.
What is considered moral or socially acceptable varies between cultures and over time.
Law is a narrower concept than morality.
Only some moral issues are legally enforceable.

The main function of law is to maintain order, including public, social, political, economic, and moral order.
Law sets boundaries and prescribes sanctions.
Law helps create a framework for the government, foster social justice, and mitigate inequality.
Law outlines economic order by recognizing property rights.
Law aids international order, resolving social problems, and regulating relationships among people.
Law helps define acceptable behavior and the consequences for certain kinds of actions.
It creates legal frameworks, empowers agents of the State to act, assists the public, and sets rules for the use of law.

Law is interconnected with human behavior and morality, like religious beliefs.
There were complex legal cultures in ancient societies like India, China, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
European legal systems were developed concurrently with religious systems until the 18th century.
Churches and other religious organizations have their legal systems in regions like the Czech Republic.
Legal systems vary across countries and jurisdictions, from common law to continental/civil law systems.

Legal systems describe institutions that craft and enforce law.
Common law is dominant in English-speaking countries.
Continental/civil law is common in much of Europe.
The legal systems of the world have a vast range of traditions and variations; some have significant influence from codified systems of Roman law.

The content of legal work varies across legal systems and jurisdictions.
Barristers are senior lawyers frequently specializing as court advocates, consultants, and advisors.
A solicitor is a primary contact for advice in many areas of law.
Legal Executives are part of the legal profession in jurisdictions like the UK.

Legal norms are generally accepted rules of behavior while regulatory law makes explicit and concrete ways that the laws are followed.
Legislation is the codified law in countries, and is frequently the central and most basic source of law.
Various bodies create legislation for specific legal jurisdictions like the EU, state parliaments and local governments.

Primary sources are authoritative statements of what the law is; secondary sources interpret law. In legal systems, primary sources are mostly the acts of legislature or decisions by courts.
The interpretation of law is important in applying legislated law to diverse and changing real-world circumstances.

Law supports political order by establishing a framework for state power.
Many legal systems are based on some form of constitutional law; the source of this legal authority is often political or constitutional
The underlying concepts of a country's values and traditions can be a source of power in enforcing laws.

Legal norms typically have three parts: hypothesis, disposition, and sanction.
Hypothesis defines the situation that triggers a legal obligation or rule.
Disposition describes the conduct required or forbidden.
Sanction defines the consequences of violating a legal norm.
Legal norms can be categorized as injunctive, prohibiting, or permitting based on the requirements they establish.

Substantive law defines legal rights and obligations in a certain jurisdiction.
Procedural law outlines the procedures for enacting, enforcing, and interpreting legislation.
Substantive and procedural law are mutually interdependent and both are vital functions of any legal framework.
Procedural law is equally important in any legal framework.

Statutes are used by legal bodies to outline standards for behavior.
Interpretation is the process of applying the meaning of statutes to various circumstances.
Multiple approaches and rules (the 'literal' or 'golden' rule, the 'mischief' rule, and a more unified common law approach) are used in interpreting statutes.

The Czech Republic has a system with multiple legal bodies (including the parliament and various courts) and with codified legislation.
The country has adopted codified laws (statutes) which derive from a combination of Roman legal tradition and legacy from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

International law is a system of rules governing states' interactions; it consists of treaties, customs, and general principles.
The United Nations plays a significant role in international law and in upholding human rights for all individuals in multiple locations.
Several international courts (such as the International Criminal Court and the European Court of Human Rights) are involved in upholding legal standards in international relations.

Human rights are fundamental rights; they belong to individuals simply for being human.
International and regional organizations, including the UN and the Council of Europe, address individual violations of human rights.
Domestic law requires legal frameworks to protect an individual's rights in each nation.

Private law regulates relationships among individuals and businesses. It covers diverse areas such as contracts, property, torts, and family law.
Private law principles are based largely on Roman legal traditions, which have been codified in many European countries, such as the Czech Republic.
Various aspects of private law are derived from norms of good morality, good faith, and similar standards.

Legal language differs from ordinary language, including vocabulary, grammar, and textual style.
Its goal is to be precise and unambiguous in order to avoid ambiguity and to reduce errors.
Plain language movements aim to bring legal language closer to ordinary language.