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Questions and Answers
Which process exemplifies a chemical reaction rather than a physical change?
Which process exemplifies a chemical reaction rather than a physical change?
- Burning wood into ash and smoke (correct)
- Dissolving sugar in water
- Melting of ice into water
- Boiling water to produce steam
Which scenario best illustrates an irreversible change?
Which scenario best illustrates an irreversible change?
- Evaporation of alcohol
- Rusting of iron (correct)
- Dissolving salt in water
- Sublimation of dry ice
Which of the following statements accurately describes an element?
Which of the following statements accurately describes an element?
- A pure substance consisting only of atoms with the same number of protons. (correct)
- A compound that can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
- A substance made up of different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
- A mixture of various substances that retain their individual properties.
Why is it important to use symbols to represent chemical elements and compounds?
Why is it important to use symbols to represent chemical elements and compounds?
How does the modern periodic table arrange elements?
How does the modern periodic table arrange elements?
What was Marie Curie's most significant contribution to science?
What was Marie Curie's most significant contribution to science?
In a solution of saltwater, which component is considered the solvent?
In a solution of saltwater, which component is considered the solvent?
Which of the following describes the term 'insoluble'?
Which of the following describes the term 'insoluble'?
Which action would most likely increase the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?
Which action would most likely increase the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?
How does increasing the pressure typically affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
How does increasing the pressure typically affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
Which pH value indicates a neutral solution?
Which pH value indicates a neutral solution?
Which of the following household items is considered a basic substance?
Which of the following household items is considered a basic substance?
Which product is likely to have a pH less than 7?
Which product is likely to have a pH less than 7?
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) as the pH of a solution increases from 3 to 6?
What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) as the pH of a solution increases from 3 to 6?
If a solute's solubility is 50g per 100mL of water at 25°C, what term describes a solution containing 60g of that solute per 100mL of water at the same temperature?
If a solute's solubility is 50g per 100mL of water at 25°C, what term describes a solution containing 60g of that solute per 100mL of water at the same temperature?
What is the primary reason for using standardized chemical symbols, such as those found on the periodic table, in scientific communication?
What is the primary reason for using standardized chemical symbols, such as those found on the periodic table, in scientific communication?
What role did Marie Curie's work with radioactive elements play in the advancement of medical treatments?
What role did Marie Curie's work with radioactive elements play in the advancement of medical treatments?
How does increasing the temperature of the solvent generally affect the rate at which a solid solute dissolves?
How does increasing the temperature of the solvent generally affect the rate at which a solid solute dissolves?
Which of the following best exemplifies the dual nature of water, acting as both an acid and a base?
Which of the following best exemplifies the dual nature of water, acting as both an acid and a base?
Given the concentrations of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) in a solution, with $[H^+] = 1.0 imes 10^{-9} M$, what is the nature of the solution?
Given the concentrations of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) in a solution, with $[H^+] = 1.0 imes 10^{-9} M$, what is the nature of the solution?
Flashcards
Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction
Involve a change in the composition of a substance, forming new substances with different properties. Bonds are broken and formed.
Physical Reaction
Physical Reaction
Involve a change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition. Bonds are not broken or formed.
Reversible Change
Reversible Change
A reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions.
Irreversible Change
Irreversible Change
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Element
Element
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Symbols in Chemistry
Symbols in Chemistry
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Periodic Table of Elements
Periodic Table of Elements
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Marie Curie
Marie Curie
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Solubility
Solubility
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Soluble
Soluble
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Insoluble
Insoluble
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Solute
Solute
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Solvent
Solvent
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Factors Affecting Solubility
Factors Affecting Solubility
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Acids
Acids
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Bases
Bases
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pH Scale
pH Scale
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Study Notes
- Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties
- Physical reactions, on the other hand, only change the appearance or state of a substance, without altering its chemical composition
- Examples of chemical reactions include burning wood (combustion), rusting of iron (oxidation), and baking a cake
- Examples of physical reactions include melting ice (change of state), dissolving sugar in water (dissolution), and crushing a can (change of shape)
- Reversible changes can be undone to restore the original substance or state
- Irreversible changes cannot be easily reversed, and the original substance cannot be fully recovered
Elements and Symbols
- An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
- Chemical symbols are used as shorthand notations to represent elements, making it easier to write chemical formulas and equations
- The periodic table of elements is a tabular arrangement of all known elements, organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
Marie Curie
- Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist who conducted groundbreaking research on radioactivity
- Her discoveries led to the development of new medical treatments and advanced scientific understanding of atomic structure
- Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (physics and chemistry)
Solutions
- A soluble substance can dissolve in a solvent to form a solution
- An insoluble substance does not dissolve in a solvent
- The solute is the substance that dissolves
- The solvent is the substance in which the solute dissolves
Solubility
- Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature
- Factors affecting solubility include temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent
Acids & Bases
- Acids are substances that donate protons (H+) or accept electrons, and have a pH less than 7
- Bases are substances that accept protons or donate electrons, and have a pH greater than 7
- The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 to 14
- Examples of acidic products include lemon juice, vinegar, and stomach acid
- Examples of basic products include baking soda, soap, and bleach
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