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Questions and Answers
How do cyclins facilitate the progression of the cell cycle?
How do cyclins facilitate the progression of the cell cycle?
- By attaching chromatids firmly to spindle fibers during mitosis.
- By partnering with Cdks to activate the next phase of the cycle. (correct)
- By halting cell division when critical resources are depleted.
- By directly repairing DNA errors during the G1 checkpoint.
What specific aspect of cellular replication is assessed at the G2 checkpoint before mitosis commences?
What specific aspect of cellular replication is assessed at the G2 checkpoint before mitosis commences?
- Verifying precise duplication of DNA and repair of any arising damages. (correct)
- Ensuring adequate synthesis of proteins required for cell division.
- Confirming proper segregation of chromosomes toward spindle poles.
- Guaranteeing sufficient nutrient availability to sustain cell growth.
Which scenario would most likely cause a cell to be arrested at the G1 checkpoint?
Which scenario would most likely cause a cell to be arrested at the G1 checkpoint?
- The premature formation of spindle fibers.
- The presence of unrepaired DNA damage or insufficient growth signals. (correct)
- An excessive reserve of available proteins.
- An overproduction of cyclin proteins.
What is the most immediate consequence if the spindle checkpoint fails during mitosis?
What is the most immediate consequence if the spindle checkpoint fails during mitosis?
How do tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 primarily function to prevent cancer development?
How do tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 primarily function to prevent cancer development?
How does the Rb protein regulate the cell cycle and prevent uncontrolled cell division?
How does the Rb protein regulate the cell cycle and prevent uncontrolled cell division?
What is the most likely outcome if a cell bypasses the G2 checkpoint despite detecting DNA damage?
What is the most likely outcome if a cell bypasses the G2 checkpoint despite detecting DNA damage?
How does excessive human growth hormone (HGH) primarily contribute to gigantism?
How does excessive human growth hormone (HGH) primarily contribute to gigantism?
What is the primary mechanism by which p21 inhibits cell cycle progression?
What is the primary mechanism by which p21 inhibits cell cycle progression?
What is the overarching purpose of checkpoints distributed throughout the cell cycle?
What is the overarching purpose of checkpoints distributed throughout the cell cycle?
Flashcards
What is the role of Cyclins?
What is the role of Cyclins?
Proteins that bind to Cdks, helping the cell progress to the next stage of the cell cycle.
What does the G2 checkpoint do?
What does the G2 checkpoint do?
Ensures DNA has been accurately duplicated before cell division.
What stops a cell at G1 checkpoint?
What stops a cell at G1 checkpoint?
DNA damage or missing growth signals.
Consequence of spindle checkpoint failure?
Consequence of spindle checkpoint failure?
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Function of tumor suppressor proteins (p53)?
Function of tumor suppressor proteins (p53)?
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How Rb protein controls cell cycle?
How Rb protein controls cell cycle?
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What happens if a cell fails G2 checkpoint?
What happens if a cell fails G2 checkpoint?
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Effect of excess HGH?
Effect of excess HGH?
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Function of p21 in cell cycle?
Function of p21 in cell cycle?
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Main purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?
Main purpose of cell cycle checkpoints?
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Study Notes
- Cyclins help cells progress to the next stage of the cell cycle by working with Cdks(Cyclin-dependent kinases).
- The G2 checkpoint ensures all DNA is copied correctly before mitosis.
- DNA damage or missing growth signals can halt a cell at the G1 checkpoint.
- Failure of the spindle checkpoint results in cells dividing with the wrong number of chromosomes.
- Tumor suppressor proteins like p53 stop the cell cycle if DNA is damaged, potentially causing cell death.
- Rb protein controls the cell cycle by blocking proteins needed to start the S phase.
- If a cell fails the G2 checkpoint, it proceeds to mitosis without checking its DNA completely.
- Excessive human growth hormone (HGH) leads to gigantism by accelerating cell division.
- P21 halts the cell cycle by inhibiting Cdks and cyclins.
- The primary function of cell cycle checkpoints is to ensure the cell is healthy before advancing to the next phase.
- A cell that is not ready to divide enters the G0 phase.
- P53 protein checks for DNA damage.
- The M checkpoint verifies that all chromatids are attached to spindle fibers.
- Ignoring checkpoints can cause cells to become cancerous.
- One reason a cell would enter the G0 phase is if it has sustained damage and requires repair.
- G1 phase is the longest phase of the cell cycle.
- DNA replication occurs in the S phase.
- Cdks help cyclins move the cell to the next phase
- The spindle checkpoint ensures each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.
- Uncontrolled cell division due to checkpoint failure is the main cause of cancer.
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Description
Explore cell cycle regulation including the roles of cyclins, Cdks, and checkpoints (G1, G2, spindle). Learn how tumor suppressor proteins, like p53 and Rb, maintain genomic stability by halting cell division in response to DNA damage or other issues. Understand the consequences of checkpoint failures and the significance of the G0 phase.
