Cell Cycle and Mitosis Overview
159 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of mitosis?

  • To reduce chromosome numbers.
  • To maintain genetic variation.
  • For growth and repair of cells. (correct)
  • To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.

    • How many unique cells are produced as a result of meiosis?

  • 2 identical cells
  • 8 identical cells
  • 2 unique diploid cells
  • 4 unique haploid cells (correct)

    • Which phase is unique to meiosis I?

  • Telophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Crossing Over (correct)

    • What is the outcome of passive transport?

    <p>Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which interphase phase is DNA replicated prior to mitosis or meiosis?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromatids are separated by spindle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meiosis is correct?

    <p>It produces haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about genetic variation is true?

    <p>Genetic variation occurs through crossing over in meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis?

    <p>Four unique haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'crossing over' and when does it occur?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Cytokinesis in Meiosis II?

    <p>Four haploid cells are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding diploid (2n) and haploid (n) cells?

    <p>Haploid cells have half the chromosome number of diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event happens during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes are separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description correctly identifies the stages of meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis I reduces chromosome number, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase occurs last in the meiosis process?

    <p>Telophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport?

    <p>It moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding glycolysis is accurate?

    <p>It breaks down glucose into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a byproduct of lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do chloroplasts play in photosynthesis?

    <p>They convert sunlight into chemical energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

    <p>The release of substances from vesicles outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cellular respiration is incorrect?

    <p>It can occur only in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Ethanol and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cell cycle?

    <p>To ensure cells remain healthy and support organism growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle is the DNA replicated?

    <p>S Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event occurs during Anaphase?

    <p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the preparation of the cell for mitosis?

    <p>G₂ Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during cytokinesis?

    <p>Cell cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

    <p>They pull chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle do cells perform their normal functions?

    <p>G₁ Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis produces 2 identical diploid cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis involves one division while meiosis involves two divisions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During metaphase, chromosomes align in the center of the cell ensuring proper separation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic variation occurs during mitosis due to crossing over.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane is known as osmosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis results in cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crossing over can occur during meiosis I between homologous chromosomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In passive transport, energy is required to move molecules across the cell membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis results in the formation of two diploid cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interphase is divided into four parts: G₁, S, G₂, and M.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crossing over occurs during Prophase II of meiosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle that produces two identical daughter cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sister chromatids are separated during Anaphase I of meiosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chromosome number is halved during meiosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Anaphase, chromosomes are pulled toward the center of the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis results in cells that have twice the chromosome number of the original cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis II occurs after cytokinesis has not yet happened.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis produces gametes necessary for sexual reproduction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA replication occurs during the G₂ phase of the cell cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Metaphase, spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis is a process that only occurs in somatic cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tetrads are formed during Metaphase I of meiosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interphase prepares the cell to undergo mitosis by checking for DNA errors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Telophase involves the chromosomes condensing into X-shaped structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facilitated diffusion requires energy (ATP) to transport molecules across the cell membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active transport moves molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycolysis is the last step in the process of cellular respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exocytosis is a process that cells use to remove waste or send molecules outside the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 2 ATP are produced per glucose molecule during fermentation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual reproduction involves a single parent combining genetic material to produce offspring.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three stages of Interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>G₁, S, and G₂.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes first become visible?

    <p>Prophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the stages of mitosis using the acronym PMAT.

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key process occurs during Anaphase?

    <p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define cytokinesis.

    <p>Cytokinesis is the process where the cytoplasm splits, creating two identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the G₂ phase in the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell checks for DNA errors and prepares for mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms during Prophase that is essential for chromosome movement?

    <p>Spindle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the genetic outcome between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis produces identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces unique haploid cells with genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I of meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the process of crossing over contribute to genetic diversity?

    <p>Crossing over exchanges DNA segments between homologous chromosomes, creating new combinations of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to DNA before mitosis or meiosis begins?

    <p>DNA is replicated during the S phase of interphase before either process begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of passive transport across a cell membrane?

    <p>Passive transport results in the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration without energy input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of spindle fibers during cell division?

    <p>Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis by attaching to the centromeres and pulling them apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many total cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

    <p>A total of four unique haploid cells are produced at the end of meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the number of divisions in mitosis from that in meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis involves one division, while meiosis involves two divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over during Meiosis I?

    <p>Crossing over increases genetic diversity by allowing homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chromosome number change during meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe what happens during Telophase II of meiosis.

    <p>During Telophase II, chromatids reach opposite ends of the cell, and new nuclear membranes form around each set, leading to four unique haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do spindle fibers play during Metaphase I?

    <p>Spindle fibers attach to homologous chromosome pairs, aligning them in the middle of the cell for separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis and what are they called?

    <p>Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of meiosis in terms of cell type and chromosome number?

    <p>Meiosis produces four unique haploid cells (gametes) with half the original chromosome number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the term 'tetrads' and when they form during meiosis.

    <p>Tetrads are formed when homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I of meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the nuclear membrane during prophase in both meiosis I and II?

    <p>The nuclear membrane breaks down during prophase in both meiosis I and II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does facilitated diffusion differ from active transport?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels and does not require energy, while active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy (ATP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular function?

    <p>The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium (Na⁺) out and potassium (K⁺) into the cell, maintaining cellular homeostasis and contributing to the cell's membrane potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of glycolysis, and where does it take place?

    <p>Glycolysis produces small amounts of ATP by breaking down glucose into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain what happens during fermentation when oxygen is low.

    <p>During fermentation, cells convert pyruvate into lactic acid or alcohol, depending on the organism, to continue producing energy in the absence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy to create glucose through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of exocytosis and its purpose in a cell.

    <p>Exocytosis is the active transport process in which vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents outside the cell, facilitating waste removal and substance secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What overall process occurs in the mitochondria, and what is its main product?

    <p>The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, which converts energy from food into ATP, the usable form of energy for cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction?

    <p>Sexual reproduction involves two parents and the combination of egg and sperm to form a zygote, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell cycle is the process that a cell goes through to grow, copy its DNA, and divide into two new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym used to remember the stages of the cell cycle?

    <p>I-PMAT-C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts of interphase?

    <p>G1 (Growth 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Growth 2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell grows, performs its normal functions, and produces new organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the P phase of mitosis, what happens to the DNA?

    <p>DNA coils into chromosomes, and the nucleus starts to break down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the M phase of mitosis, what happens to the chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the A phase of mitosis, what happens to the sister chromatids?

    <p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mitosis?

    <p>Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells, creating two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cells involved in meiosis?

    <p>Diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many unique haploid cells does meiosis create from one diploid cell?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During prophase I of meiosis, what happens to homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Metaphase I of meiosis, where do the homologous chromosome pairs line up?

    <p>In the middle of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Anaphase I of meiosis, what happens to the homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during telophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Two nuclei form, each containing half the original number of chromosomes (haploid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During prophase II of meiosis, what happens to the chromosomes?

    <p>Chromosomes condense again, each with two sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During metaphase II of meiosis, where do the chromosomes line up?

    <p>In the middle of each haploid cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase II of meiosis?

    <p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of mitosis?

    <p>Produces gametes for sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what phase of interphase is DNA copied?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of transport across the cell membrane?

    <p>Passive transport and active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is facilitated diffusion?

    <p>The use of protein channels to pass molecules through the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active transport?

    <p>The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of active transport.

    <p>Sodium-potassium pumps transporting sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellular respiration?

    <p>A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glycolysis?

    <p>The first step in cellular respiration, where sugar (glucose) breaks down into smaller molecules, producing a small amount of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation?

    <p>A reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is photosynthesis?

    <p>The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to create their own food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>CO2 + H2O + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of reproduction?

    <p>Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sexual reproduction?

    <p>Reproduction involving two parents, where the egg and sperm combine to form a zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genetically unique haploid cells does meiosis create?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do passive and active transport occur across the cell membrane?

    <p>In animals, across the cell membrane, and in plants, across the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on?

    <p>The mitochondria to create or utilize energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in sexual reproduction involving the egg and sperm?

    <p>Fertilization combines the egg and sperm to form a zygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that a cell goes through to grow, copy its DNA, and divide into two new cells?

    <p>The cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle of the cell called?

    <p>Metaphase plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that creates two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a diploid cell?

    <p>Contains two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division involves the separation of sister chromatids?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four stages of mitosis in order?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromosomes during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and become visible as X-shaped structures. The nuclear membrane starts to break down, and spindle fibers form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase of mitosis?

    <p>The middle of the cell along the metaphase plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>They are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite ends of the cell, becoming individual chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the process where a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP?

    <p>Cellular Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight to create their own food?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the first cell of a new organism that is formed during fertilization?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reproduction involves two parents?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs in both animals and plants where molecules are moved across the cell membrane?

    <p>Passive and active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cells release materials outside the cell?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for converting energy into ATP through cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combines the egg and sperm to form a zygote in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis produces four unique haploid cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive and active transport occur only in animal cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exocytosis is the process by which materials enter a cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondria are responsible for photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fertilization occurs during asexual reproduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Cycle

    • The cell cycle is the process cells undergo to grow, duplicate DNA, and divide into two new cells. This ensures healthy cells and organism growth/repair.

    Phases of the Cell Cycle

    • Interphase is broken into three stages: G1 (Growth 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Growth 2).
      • G1: Cell growth, normal functions, and production of new organelles.
      • S: DNA replication, creating a complete set for each new cell.
      • G2: Further cell growth, DNA error checking, and preparation for mitosis.
    • Mitosis (PMAT-C):
      • Prophase: DNA coils into chromosomes, the nucleus breaks down, and spindle fibers form.
      • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
        • Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
        • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
      • Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite cell sides.
        • Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers.
      • Telophase: Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes.
      • Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm splits, creating two identical daughter cells.

    Mitosis

    • Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells, creating two identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

    Meiosis

    • Meiosis is a cell division process creating gametes (sperm and egg cells).
      • It reduces the chromosome number by half to ensure offspring have the correct number.
      • Diploid cells (2n): Contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent).
      • Haploid cells (n): Contain only one set of chromosomes (half the total number).
    • Meiosis occurs in two stages (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).

    Steps of Meiosis I

    • Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up (tetrads) and exchange genetic material (crossing over). The nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers form.
    • Metaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell.
      • Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle/equatorial plane of the cell.
      • Spindle fibers attach to each homologous chromosome.
    • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
    • Telophase I: Two nuclei form, each with half the original number of chromosomes (haploid). Cytokinesis follows.

    Steps of Meiosis II

    • Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
    • Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up in the middle of each haploid cell.
      • Chromosomes line up individually/singly in the middle of each cell.
    • Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are pulled apart, separating to opposite poles of the cell.
    • Telophase II: Four new nuclei form around the separated chromatids. Cytokinesis results in four unique haploid cells.

    Meiosis vs. Mitosis

    • Mitosis creates identical diploid cells for growth and repair.
    • Meiosis creates unique haploid cells for sexual reproduction.

    DNA in Cell Division

    • DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase, prior to both mitosis and meiosis.
    • DNA condenses into chromosomes before cell division.

    Passive & Active Transport

    • Cell membranes regulate what enters and leaves cells, maintaining cell balance.
    • Passive Transport: Does not require energy (e.g., diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion).
    • Active Transport: Requires energy (e.g., sodium-potassium pumps) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

    Exocytosis

    • Process where vesicles release their contents outside the cell (e.g., hormones, proteins).

    Cellular Respiration

    • Chemical reactions converting food energy into ATP within the mitochondria.
    • Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
    • Glycolysis: First step, breaking down glucose into smaller molecules.
    • Fermentation: Energy production when oxygen is low, produces less ATP (e.g., lactic acid, alcohol fermentation).

    Photosynthesis

    • Process plants, algae, and some bacteria use to create their own food, using sunlight.
    • Equation: CO2 + H2O + Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
    • Occurs in chloroplasts, but ATP is produced via cellular respiration.

    Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

    • Sexual reproduction: Two parents, offspring are genetically diverse.
    • Asexual reproduction: One parent, offspring are genetically identical.
    • Sexual reproduction involves egg and sperm combining, while asexual reproduction produces clones.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Cell Cycle Review PDF

    Description

    Explore the stages of the cell cycle, including interphase and mitosis. Learn about G1, S, and G2 phases along with the detailed steps of mitosis. This quiz will reinforce your understanding of cellular growth and division.

    More Like This

    Cell Cycle and Mitosis Overview
    14 questions

    Cell Cycle and Mitosis Overview

    DevoutVigor avatar
    DevoutVigor
    Cell Cycle & Mitosis Overview
    40 questions

    Cell Cycle & Mitosis Overview

    CommodiousForethought8609 avatar
    CommodiousForethought8609
    Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz
    24 questions

    Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

    ExemplaryBamboo avatar
    ExemplaryBamboo
    Cell Biology Mitosis and Cell Cycle Quiz
    29 questions

    Cell Biology Mitosis and Cell Cycle Quiz

    SelfSufficiencyQuasar4787 avatar
    SelfSufficiencyQuasar4787
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser