Biology Chapter: Cell and Tissue Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which gland is primarily responsible for the secretion of sebum in the skin?

  • Mammary gland
  • Salivary gland
  • Pancreatic gland
  • Sebaceous gland (correct)
  • What type of epithelium is best suited for areas exposed to high levels of mechanical stress, such as the oral cavity?

  • Transitional epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
  • Ciliated columnar epithelium
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • At which stage of meiosis is the oocyte ovulated?

  • Metaphase of meiosis II (correct)
  • Metaphase of meiosis I
  • Prophase of meiosis II
  • Prophase of meiosis I
  • Which blood cell precursor primarily contributes to the formation of platelets necessary for haemostasis?

    <p>Megakaryocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysfunctional apical cilia in which type of cell can disrupt the production of cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is NOT derived from the same lineage as platelets?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium likely provides a protective barrier in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of cell division do oocytes halt until ovulation occurs?

    <p>Metaphase of meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is primarily found in the muscle layers of the middle 1/3 of the oesophagus?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal component is primarily associated with the skin-blistering disorder characterized by blisters between the epidermis and dermis?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cerebral cortex, what type of cells are indicated by the arrows?

    <p>Multipolar neurones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a sympathetic ganglion, which cells are identified by the arrows in the specimen?

    <p>Satellite glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of keratin in epithelial tissues?

    <p>Structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cell types is not typically found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological feature distinguishes multipolar neurones from other types?

    <p>Multiple dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vimentin in cells?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is adjacent to the anterior and superior aspects of the right kidney?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intercostal muscle is most active during expiration?

    <p>Internal intercostal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately defines the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)?

    <p>Average amount of a nutrient required each day to maintain normal function in nearly all of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What embryonic structure separates the respiratory diverticulum from the primitive foregut?

    <p>Tracheoesophageal fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily involved in forced expiration?

    <p>Muscles of the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of thiamine deficiency, which compound is most likely to accumulate in the body?

    <p>Alpha-ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) is true?

    <p>Complex III transfers electrons to cytochrome C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the internal intercostal muscles during breathing?

    <p>Promoting forced expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best describes the role of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>It utilizes the proton gradient produced by the ETC to synthesize ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures remains open to communicate with the primitive foregut during early embryonic development?

    <p>Laryngotracheal groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately describes the role of forced expiration in respiration?

    <p>Requires active engagement of abdominal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thiamine in the body?

    <p>Serve as a cofactor for various enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex of the electron transport chain directly interacts with oxygen?

    <p>Complex IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical relationship is correct regarding the right kidney's position?

    <p>It is inferior to the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of thiamine deficiency on energy production?

    <p>Decreased glycolytic flux and lower ATP yield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds feeds into the citric acid cycle and is impacted by thiamine deficiency?

    <p>Alpha-ketoglutarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a high core body temperature primarily affect the thermoregulatory system?

    <p>Stimulation of warmth-sensitive neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neural pathway is activated to initiate shivering in a cold environment?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antibody isotype is produced by B cells when stimulated by Th1 cytokines?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport mechanism facilitates the movement of water across a selectively permeable cell membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to high temperatures, which physiological action primarily occurs to promote cooling?

    <p>Increased sweating and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron would NOT be responsible for initiating shivering thermogenesis?

    <p>Parasympathetic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Th1 cytokines play in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulate the production of IgG antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence osmosis across a cell membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobicity of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is derived from the splanchnic mesoderm?

    <p>Wall of the gut tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessel is derived from the persistent proximal portion of the foetal umbilical artery after birth?

    <p>Superior vesical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein develops into the renal segment of the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Right subcardinal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic vein gives rise to the hepatic portal vein?

    <p>Vitelline vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change occurs in the formation of the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Obliteration of most left veins and remodelling of right veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is a derivative of the foetal umbilical artery?

    <p>Superior vesical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for forming the connective tissue in the body wall?

    <p>Somatic mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medial umbilical ligament?

    <p>Represents the obliterated distal portion of the umbilical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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