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Questions and Answers
Atoms are the building blocks for creating MOLECULES and __________.
COMPOUNDS
The four major classes of LARGE biological molecules are monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, and __________.
nucleotides
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleotides are important components of every __________.
cell
Building blocks create __________, which have different structures with specific jobs inside a cell.
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One other important, inorganic ingredient necessary for life is __________.
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Bacteria and Archaea are extremely simple and don’t have membrane-defined __________.
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The MACROMOLECULES are made up of combinations of the four organic __________.
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Only when it is all built together in the correct shapes can you have a functional __________.
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Unicellular organisms are made up of a single ______, which represents the whole creature.
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Multicellular organisms consist of many cells that have ______ functions.
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Tissues are collections of cells working together to perform a specialized ______.
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An ______ is made up of all four tissue types working together.
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An organ system is a group of organs that contribute to a specific set of ______ functions.
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Each organ in the body contains all tissue types in varying ______.
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The basic unit of life is the ______.
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At each level of complexity, new properties emerge that are not present at the ______ levels.
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The ______ is the overall structure made up of multiple organ systems working together.
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Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal ______.
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The smallest unit of matter that retains its properties is an ______.
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Complementarity highlights that structure or form is equal to ______.
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Protons have a positive ______, while neutrons have no charge.
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The arrangement of ______ in a cell can create emergent properties like consciousness.
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Biological structures can be classified into various levels, starting from atoms to ______.
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Macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, are formed by the assembly of ______.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Hydrogen has 1 proton and no neutrons.
- Carbon consists of 6 protons and 6 neutrons, totaling an atomic mass of 12.
- Gold contains 79 protons and 118 neutrons, with an atomic mass of 197.
Biological Hierarchy
- Atoms are fundamental building blocks for molecules and compounds formed by 2 or more atoms.
- Four major classes of biomolecules are essential for life:
- Monosaccharides
- Fatty acids
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides
- These biomolecules are critical building blocks for macromolecules, which include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Cells
- The cell is the smallest unit of life and contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids suspended in water.
- Cells are structured using these biomolecules to perform specific functions, analogous to a house made from various building materials.
- Unicellular organisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, protozoa) consist of only one cell, while multicellular organisms (e.g., plants, animals, fungi) have organized systems of different cell types.
Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
- Tissues consist of collections of cells working together for a specialized function, comparable to a neighborhood of different buildings.
- Four primary types of human tissues are:
- Muscle tissue
- Neural tissue
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Organs are comprised of all four tissue types, working in concert, akin to a city made up of various neighborhoods. Examples: heart, liver, brain.
- Organ systems are groups of organs contributing to broader biological functions, resembling provinces made up of interconnected cities. There are 11 organ systems, including:
- Circulatory
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Urinary
- Respiratory
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Lymphatic
- Digestive
- Nervous
Organisms and Homeostasis
- An individual organism is a collection of organ systems functioning together, similar to a country made of provinces.
- Living organisms exhibit increasing complexity, organized into levels from atoms to entire organisms.
- Homeostasis maintains stability within the body, coordinating internal structures and functions across different system levels.
Complementarity and Emergent Properties
- Structure determines function at all biological hierarchy levels, illustrated through complementarity.
- Each level of complexity reveals novel emergent properties, where organized components interact to create new functionalities that did not exist in simpler forms.
- Example of emergent properties include consciousness in neural organization and sexual development in organismal structure.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of biological hierarchy, starting from atoms to molecules and compounds. This quiz covers the major classes of biomolecules essential for life, focusing on their structure and function in living organisms.
