Balancing Equations, Thermodynamics & Gas Laws

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors does not directly influence whether a solution will dissolve and produce ions?

  • The strength of solute-solvent interactions
  • The strength of solvent-solvent interactions
  • The agitation rate of the solution (correct)
  • The strength of solute-solute interactions

In a net ionic equation, spectator ions are included to ensure the equation is balanced in terms of both mass and charge.

False (B)

According to the Arrhenius definition, what ion is produced when an acid dissociates in aqueous solution?

hydronium ion

The process of gradually adding a solution of known concentration to another solution of unknown concentration to determine the latter's concentration is called a(n) ________.

<p>titration</p>
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Match each gas law with its correct mathematical expression, assuming constant moles of gas.

<p>Boyle's Law = $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$ Charles's Law = $\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}$ Gay-Lussac's Law = $\frac{P_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2}{T_2}$ Combined Gas Law = $\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$</p>
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Boyle's Law in action?

<p>Depressing the plunger of a sealed syringe decreases the volume of the air inside. (C)</p>
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According to the ideal gas law, if the number of moles of a gas doubles while the volume and temperature remain constant, the pressure will be halved.

<p>False (B)</p>
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State the Law of Conservation of Energy in your own words.

<p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.</p>
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Which of the following is the best example of energy being converted from chemical energy to thermal energy?

<p>Burning wood in a fireplace. (B)</p>
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A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings is classified as a(n) _______ system.

<p>open</p>
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<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1>
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Flashcards

Arrhenius Definition

Acids produce H+ ions in water; bases produce OH- ions in water.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction where energy is released, often as heat.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction where energy is absorbed from surroundings.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy due to motion.

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Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or condition.

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Charles's Law

V1/T1=V2/T2 where pressure and moles of the gas remain the same.

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Combined Gas Law

The combined gas law showing relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

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Study Notes

  • Outlines learning goals for determining if a solution will dissolve and produce ions
  • Describes how to properly balance total and net ionic equations
  • Covers the properties of acids and bases according to Arrhenius
  • Includes calculating the concentration of a solution
  • Describes performing various calculations involved in a titration
  • Covers the physical characteristics of gases
  • Includes using Boyle's Law and relating it to everyday situations
  • Describes using the ideal gas law to solve for unknown amounts
  • Includes using a balanced chemical equation to calculate volumes of gases
  • Covers the laws of conservation of energy
  • Includes the different types of energy discussed in chapter 6: radiant, thermal, chemical, potential, and examples of each
  • Describes defining the various characteristics of a thermodynamic reaction including closed, open, isolated systems, surroundings, exothermic, and endothermic reactions

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