Autonomic Nervous System Overview
12 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does ANS stand for?

Autonomic Nervous System

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Regulating heart rate
  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Controlling voluntary muscle movement (correct)
  • Secretion of bodily fluids

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response.

True (A)

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest-and-digest' response.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at all preganglionic synapses in the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a subtype of muscarinic receptors?

<p>M1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine at the synapse?

<p>Acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic receptor is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction?

<p>Alpha-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the precursor molecule in the synthesis of the catecholamines?

<p>Tyrosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in the heart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common effect of stimulatiing alpha-2 adrenergic receptors?

<p>Inhibition of norepinephrine release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a crucial part of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions.

What are some functions of the ANS?

The ANS manages vital functions like blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, temperature, digestion, and pupil dilation.

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the fight-or-flight response?

The fight-or-flight response, triggered by stress, is a key role of the sympathetic nervous system. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

How does the parasympathetic system relate to the sympathetic system?

The parasympathetic nervous system typically counteracts the sympathetic system, promoting relaxation and slowing down bodily functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the main divisions of the ANS?

The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions make up the three distinct components of the ANS.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the sympathetic nervous system known for?

The sympathetic nervous system is associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the parasympathetic nervous system known for?

The parasympathetic nervous system facilitates rest and digestion, slowing down heart rate and constricting pupils.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the enteric nervous system?

The enteric nervous system, often called the 'second brain', focuses on regulating digestive processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where else does acetylcholine play a role in the ANS?

Acetylcholine is also used in the sympathetic nervous system, specifically at preganglionic synapses and some postganglionic fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the main neurotransmitter in the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system?

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is the primary neurotransmitter released by postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What enzyme is involved in producing acetylcholine?

Choline acetyltransferase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing acetylcholine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What breaks down acetylcholine?

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine, terminating its signaling effect.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are muscarinic receptors?

Muscarinic receptors, a type of acetylcholine receptor, are found on effector organs in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors are there?

Muscarinic receptors have different subtypes (M1-M5), each with specific locations and functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are nicotinic receptors?

Nicotinic receptors are another type of acetylcholine receptor, primarily found in autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How many subtypes of nicotinic receptors are there?

Nicotinic receptors are further divided into neuronal (Nn) and muscle (Nm) subtypes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla?

Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline are released from the adrenal medulla, playing a role in the sympathetic response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the process of catecholamine synthesis?

Catecholamine synthesis involves a series of enzymatic steps, starting with tyrosine and leading to dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are adrenergic receptors?

Adrenergic receptors are responsible for binding to catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are alpha adrenergic receptors?

Alpha (α) adrenergic receptors are typically excitatory, with subtypes α1 and α2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are beta adrenergic receptors?

Beta (β) adrenergic receptors are generally inhibitory, with subtypes β1, β2, β3, β4, and β5.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the roles of β3, β4, and β5 receptors?

β3 receptors are found in adipose tissues, while β4 and β5 receptors are still under investigation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why are adrenergic receptors important?

Adrenergic receptors are important for mediating the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, like increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the peripheral nervous system
  • It regulates involuntary physiological processes
  • The ANS has three distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

Objectives of the Autonomic Nervous System

  • Learning the organization and functions of the ANS
  • Understanding the synthesis of autonomic neurotransmitters
  • Knowing the receptor types in the ANS and their distribution

Organization of the ANS

  • The ANS is composed of two neurons (preganglionic and postganglionic)
  • The preganglionic neuron is connected to a ganglion
  • The postganglionic neuron is connected to the target organ or tissue.
  • The CNS has two divisions: craniosacral and thoracolumbar
  • The craniosacral division is part of the parasympathetic nervous system
  • The thoracolumbar division is part of the sympathetic nervous system
  • Autonomic pathways regulate various organs, such as the heart, smooth muscles, and glands and blood vessels and skeletal muscles.

Sympathetic Nervous System

  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is part of the ANS
  • It controls the "fight-or-flight" response
  • Its preganglionic neurons are short and the postganglionic neurons are long.
  • It uses norepinephrine (NE) often in the postganglionic neurons
  • The preganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACh).

Parasympathetic Nervous System

  • The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is part of the ANS
  • It controls the "rest-and-digest" response
  • Its preganglionic neurons are long and postganglionic neurons are short
  • It uses acetylcholine (ACh) at both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

Neurotransmitters

  • Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter used by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

  • Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system.

  • Epinephrine (EPI) is another neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system; it's also called adrenaline

Sites of Release of Acetylcholine

  • Acetylcholine (ACh) is released at all preganglionic nerve endings, both sympathetic and parasympathetic.
  • ACh is released at preganglionic sympathetic fibers connecting to the adrenal medulla
  • ACh is released at postganglionic parasympathetic ending
  • ACh is released at some postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings
  • ACh is released at somatic motor nerve endings
  • ACh is released at some CNS synapses

Synthesis of Catecholamines

  • Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA and then to dopamine.
  • Dopamine is then further converted to norepinephrine
  • Norepinephrine further converted to epinephrine

Adrenergic Receptors

  • Adrenergic receptors bind to norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI)
  • There are subtypes α and β
  • α receptors are mainly excitatory
  • β receptors are mainly inhibitory

Distribution of Adrenergic Receptors

  • Different types of adrenergic receptors are located in specific tissues, like heart and blood vessels

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Autonomic Nervous System PDF

Description

Explore the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its critical role in regulating involuntary physiological processes. This quiz covers the organization, functions, and neurotransmitter synthesis within the ANS, as well as the distinct divisions of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric systems. Test your understanding of the various receptor types and their distribution.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser