AP Environmental Science - Air, Water & Pollution

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following devices is most effective at removing air pollutants?

  • Dry Scrubber
  • Baghouse filter
  • Catalytic Converter
  • Wet Scrubber (correct)

What type of air pollutant is naturally emitted by pine trees?

  • Volatile Organic Compounds (correct)
  • Ozone
  • Sulfur Dioxide
  • Carbon Monoxide

Vapor recovery nozzles are designed to reduce emissions of which pollutant?

  • Nitrogen Dioxide
  • VOC (correct)
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Carbon Dioxide

Besides cigarette smoke, what is the second leading cause of lung cancer?

<p>Radon (C)</p>
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Which of the following air pollutants is NOT removed by a catalytic converter?

<p>CO2 (D)</p>
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What is the primary source of lead pollution in the U.S. today?

<p>Paint chips (C)</p>
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Which nutrient is primarily responsible for causing dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico?

<p>Phosphorus (D)</p>
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Within the optimal range of tolerance, organisms will exhibit the highest rates of:

<p>Reproduction (C)</p>
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An increase in what factor is the primary cause of coral bleaching?

<p>Temperature of the water (C)</p>
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are characterized by the presence of which element?

<p>Carbon (A)</p>
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Which of the following does the endocrine system release?

<p>Hormones (D)</p>
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During eutrophication, which organisms are primarily responsible for removing oxygen from the water?

<p>Decomposers (B)</p>
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Why do POP's tend to accumulate in organisms' bodies more readily?

<p>They are fat soluble (D)</p>
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What term describes a toxin that increases in concentration as you move up through successive trophic levels?

<p>Biomagnification (B)</p>
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What term describes a process where a toxin is absorbed by an organism faster than that toxin is excreted?

<p>Bioaccumulation (C)</p>
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The greatest threat to wetland ecosystems is:

<p>Human Development (A)</p>
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An increase in temperature typically results in what change in dissolved oxygen levels?

<p>Decrease, Decrease (C)</p>
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Which of the following represents a non-point source of pollution?

<p>Salt on roadways dissolving into a creek (A)</p>
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During eutrophication which of the following kills the underwater rooted plants?

<p>Algae (D)</p>
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Which type of biomass is NOT considered a true biomass fuel?

<p>Coal (B)</p>
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Towards which latitude do Hadley cells move the air near the surface?

<p>0 degrees (A)</p>
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Ideal RLF should be around

<p>2 (A)</p>
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During El Nino, near the equator, winds travel

<p>West to East (B)</p>
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Which of the following describes a relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected

<p>Commensalism (A)</p>
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Which is considered the "cleanest" fossil fuel?

<p>natural gas (B)</p>
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One negative to selective logging is

<p>It's more expensive (D)</p>
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During what phase of the Demographic Transition is the population most likely to decrease?

<p>4 (A)</p>
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Which sector of human population uses the most water?

<p>Agricultural (A)</p>
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Coriolis effect is caused by the ___________________ of the Earth

<p>Rotation (B)</p>
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Place these in order with the bottom layer closest to the Earth's surface

<p>Exosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere (A)</p>
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Which of these IS NOT a type of biomass?

<p>coal (C)</p>
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One advantage of subterranean mining is

<p>Less soil damage (C)</p>
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Which survivorship curve is indicative of a K-selected species

<p>1 (A)</p>
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After a massive wildfire in the Santa Cruz Mountains, the redwood trees would be considered (the)

<p>Climax community (D)</p>
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Madrone trees in the Pinnacles performing photosynthesis is an example of a ______________ ecosystem service

<p>Regulating (B)</p>
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The texture of soil with the lowest porosity would be

<p>Clay (C)</p>
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The amount of light reflected by a surface is known as _____________

<p>Albedo (D)</p>
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A decrease in a population size can result in

<p>Bottleneck effect (C)</p>
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How many years of petroleum does the world have?

<p>50 (B)</p>
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Which of these combinations would result in the HIGHEST biodiversity

<p>Large island, close to mainland</p> <p>(D)</p>
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Secondary succession occurs in areas with ___________, where primary succession occurs in areas without it.

<p>Soil (C)</p>
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Higher amounts of precipitation occur on the ___________________ side

<p>Windward (B)</p>
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Which layer of the soil is considered topsoil?

<p>A (B)</p>
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Which of these is NOT a benefit of GMOs

<p>Outcompetes native plants (C)</p>
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Place these types of coal in order from highest energy density to lowest energy density

<p>Anthracite, Bituminous, Lignite (C)</p>
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____________ is when water changes from gas to liquid

<p>Condensation (A)</p>
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Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the most amount of water by evaporation?

<p>Furrow (B)</p>
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The product of nitrogen fixation is_____________

<p>Ammonia (D)</p>
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Subduction occurs along ______________ plate boundary

<p>Convergent (A)</p>
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Which of these is a depletable renewable resource

<p>Biomass (C)</p>
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The atmosphere is made up of primarily what element?

<p>Nitrogen (C)</p>
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A species with a significant impact on its ecosystem is a ______________ species

<p>Keystone (B)</p>
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Charging admission to the Pinnacles national park is an example of __________ ecosystem service

<p>Cultural (D)</p>
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What is considered the "dirtiest" fossil fuel?

<p>Coal (C)</p>
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Logistic growth shows a _______ shaped line

<p>S (B)</p>
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The Calaveras fault is an example of a ________________ plate boundary

<p>Transform (C)</p>
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The number of species in an area is _____________________

<p>Species richness (B)</p>
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Fishery collapse is when _____ of the fish population declines

<p>90% (C)</p>
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The breaking apart of rock by tree roots is called _______________

<p>Weathering (C)</p>
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On June 25th what season is it in South Africa?

<p>Winter (C)</p>
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The process that takes carbon from the atmosphere and places it in the biosphere is

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p>
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Identify one product made from petroleum besides gasoline

<p>Diesel (B)</p>
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An advantage to CAFOs is

<p>Reduced cost (C)</p>
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Hurricanes are disturbances that occur at a ______________ time frame

<p>Episodic (B)</p>
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Species with little or no parental care are classified as _____ selected

<p>R (A)</p>
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Which of these is NOT a benefit of GMOs?

<p>Outcompetes native plants (B)</p>
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Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation is the least efficient?

<p>Flood irrigation (A)</p>
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Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by:

<p>Cutting small groups of medium and large sized trees (A)</p>
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Which sector of the human population uses the most water?

<p>Agricultural (C)</p>
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An advantage to CAFOs is:

<p>Reduced cost</p> <p>(D)</p>
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When a rainforest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to:

<p>Combustion of carbon compounds (D)</p>
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Catching a dolphin while trawling is an example of ____________

<p>Bycatch (A)</p>
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One advantage of subterranean mining is:

<p>Less soil damage (D)</p>
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An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?

<p>Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level (B)</p>
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A type _____ survivorship curve is where most offspring WILL reach adulthood.

<p>1 (D)</p>
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One negative to selective logging is:

<p>It's more expensive (B)</p>
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During what phase of the Demographic Transition is the population most likely to decrease?

<p>4 (A)</p>
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Malthus predicted human population would:

<p>Exceed carrying capacity (C)</p>
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Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

<p>After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which can decrease genetic diversity (D)</p>
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Species who evolve slower live _____________

<p>Longer (C)</p>
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Bees pollinating flowers of trees in the Pinnacles is an example of a ____________ ecosystem service

<p>Supporting (B)</p>
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Charging admission to the Pinnacles is an example of a ________________ ecosystem service

<p>Cultural (B)</p>
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Rainy seasons are disturbances that occur at a ______________ time frame

<p>Periodic (D)</p>
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After a massive wildfire in the Santa Cruz Mountains, the redwoods would be considered (the)

<p>Climax community (D)</p>
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Madrone trees in the Pinnacles performing photosynthesis is an example of a ______________ecosystem service

<p>Regulating (C)</p>
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The first step to adaptation is:

<p>Mutation (A)</p>
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The number of species in an area is _____________________

<p>Species richness (D)</p>
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With less ________ available due to ocean acidification, mollusks can't form their shells.

<p>Carbonate ions (A)</p>
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As more carbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean, the pH of the ocean will __________

<p>Decrease (D)</p>
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Endangered species are most likely

<p>K-selected (B)</p>
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Invasive species are most likely:

<p>r-selected (C)</p>
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Which of these is not a leading cause of ocean level rise?

<p>Melting Icebergs</p> <p>(D)</p>
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Which of the following best describes an advantage of constructing habitat corridors?

<p>Corridors connect habitats separated by fragmentation and connect wildlife populations. (D)</p>
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Which international agreement reduced ozone depletion?

<p>Montreal Protocol (A)</p>
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Beneficial ozone is located in the ___________

<p>Stratosphere (D)</p>
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Warming tundra will result in an increased release of:

<p>Methane (B)</p>
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_____ is the element responsible for ozone depletion:

<p>Carbon (C)</p>
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The weakening of the ______________________ causes a polar vortex:

<p>Jet Stream (A)</p>
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Which international agreement helped protect endangered species?

<p>CITES (C)</p>
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Solid waste disposal decomposition produces ________________, which can be collected and used to generate electricity.

<p>Methane (B)</p>
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___________________ can be caused by a release of improperly treated wastewater:

<p>Cholera (C)</p>
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__________________ treatment removes the majority of toilet paper:

<p>Primary (C)</p>
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___________________ can be caused by exposure to mosquitoes:

<p>Zika Virus (A)</p>
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__________________ treatment removes the majority of feces:

<p>Secondary (B)</p>
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__________________ treatment removes viruses:

<p>Disinfectant (C)</p>
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___________________ can be caused by exposure to asbestos:

<p>Mesothelioma (D)</p>
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Which infectious disease is the leading cause of death in the developing world? (One word answer)

<p>Tuberculosis (A)</p>
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__________________ treatment removes the majority of nitrates:

<p>Tertiary (B)</p>
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Flashcards

Wet Scrubber

A device that removes air pollutants by using liquid to trap particles and gases.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Air pollutant naturally emitted by pine trees.

Vapor Recovery Nozzles

Device that reduces the emission of VOCs during refueling.

Radon

Second leading cause of lung cancer.

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CO2

Air pollutant NOT removed by a catalytic converter.

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Paint chips

Leading source of lead pollution currently in the U.S.

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Phosphorus

Nutrient causing dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Reproduce

Organisms' optimal activity within tolerance range.

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Coral Bleaching

Caused primarily by increasing water temperatures.

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Carbon

All POPs contain this element.

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Hormones

The endocrine system releases...

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Decomposers

Organisms that remove oxygen from the water during Eutrophication.

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Fat Soluble

Why POP's build up in the body.

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Biomagnification

A toxin that increases as you go up trophic levels

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Bioaccumulation

A toxin that is absorbed faster than it is excreted

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Human Development

The primary threat to wetland areas is

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Decrease, Increase

An increase in temperature causes a _______ in dissolved Oxygen

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Salt on roadways dissolving into a creek

Which if these is a non-point pollution source

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Algae

kills the plants in Eutrophication

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Coal

Is not a type of biomass?

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23.5

The tilt of the Earth is __________ degrees

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Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

Earth's atmospheric layers in order from bottom to top.

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0 degrees

Hadley cells move the air near the surface towards what latitude?

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2

the ideal RLF (replacement level fertility)

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West to East

During El Nino near the equator winds travel what direction?

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Commensalism

A relationship when one species benefits and the other is unaffected is called what?

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Natural Gas

What is considered the 'cleanest Fossil Fuel'?

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It's more expensive

One negative to selective logging is?

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4

During what phase of the demographic transition is the population most likely to decrease?

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Agricultral

Humans' largest water usage sector.

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Study Notes

  • Wet scrubbers remove the most air pollutants.
  • Pine trees cause volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air pollution.
  • Vapor recovery nozzles reduce VOCs.
  • Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer.
  • CO2 is NOT removed by a catalytic converter.
  • Paint chips are currently the leading source of lead pollution in the U.S.
  • Phosphorus causes dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
  • Organisms are able to reproduce in the optimum range of tolerance.
  • An increase in water temperature causes Coral Bleaching.
  • POPs all contain carbon.
  • The endocrine system releases hormones.
  • Decomposers remove oxygen from the water in eutrophication.
  • POPs accumulate in the body more because they are fat soluble.
  • Biomagnification is a toxin that increases as you go up trophic levels.
  • Bioaccumulation is a toxin that is absorbed faster than it is excreted.
  • Human development is the primary threat to wetland areas.
  • A decrease in temperature causes an increase in dissolved oxygen.
  • Salt on roadways dissolving into a creek is a non-point pollution source.
  • Algae kills the plants in eutrophication.
  • Coal is not a type of biomass.
  • The tilt of the Earth is 23.5 degrees.
  • The order of the Earth's surface, closest to furthest, is the Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere
  • Hadley cells move air near the surface towards 0 degrees latitude.
  • Ideal RLF should be around 2.
  • During El Nino near the equator winds travel West to East.
  • Commensalism is a relationship when one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
  • Natural gas is considered the "cleanest" fossil fuel.
  • One negative to selective logging is it's more expensive.
  • During phase 4 of the Demographic Transition the population is most likely to decrease.
  • The agricultural sector of human population uses the most water.
  • Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth.
  • One advantage of subterranean mining is less soil damage.
  • Survivorship curve 1 is indicative of a K selected species.
  • After a massive wildfire in the Santa Cruz Mountains the redwood trees would be considered the climax community.
  • Madrone trees in the Pinnacles performing photosynthesis is an example of a regulating ecosystem service.
  • The texture of soil with the lowest porosity would be clay.
  • The amount of light reflected by a surface is known as albedo.
  • A decrease in a population size can result in bottleneck effect.
  • The world has 50 years of petroleum left.
  • The combinations that would result in the highest biodiversity is large island, close to mainland.
  • Secondary succession occurs in areas with soil, where primary succession occurs in areas without it.
  • Higher amounts of precipitation occur on the windward side.
  • The A layer of the soil is considered topsoil.
  • One thing that is NOT a benefit of GMO's is it outcompetes native plants.
  • The types of coal in order from highest energy density to lowest energy density (lowest on the bottom highest on the top. is Anthracite, Bituminous, and Lignite.
  • Condensation is when water changes from gas to liquid.
  • Furrow irrigation results in the loss of the most amount of water by evaporation.
  • The product of nitrogen fixation is ammonia.
  • Subduction occurs along convergent plate boundaries.
  • Biomass is a depletable renewable resource.
  • The atmosphere is made up primarily of nitrogen.
  • A keystone species has a significant impact on its ecosystem.
  • Charging admission to the Pinnacles national park is an example of a cultural ecosystem service.
  • Coal is considered the "dirtiest" fossil fuel.
  • Logistic growth shows an S shaped line.
  • The Calaveras fault is an example of a transform plate boundary.
  • The number of species in an area is species richness.
  • Fishery collapse is when 90% of the fish population declines.
  • The breaking apart of rock by tree roots is called weathering.
  • On June 25th it is winter in South Africa.
  • The process that takes carbon from the atmosphere and places it in the biosphere is photosynthesis.
  • Diesel, jet fuel, and bitumen are made from petroleum besides gasoline
  • An advantage to CAFO's is reduced cost.
  • Hurricanes are disturbances that occur at an episodic time frame.
  • Species with little or no parental care are classified as r selected.

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