Academic Writing and Research Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is one consequence of a poor or missing literature review?

  • Risk of researching something already done (correct)
  • Ability to refine research questions
  • Development of new methodologies
  • Creation of a comprehensive bibliography

    • A robust literature review should be exhaustive.

    False

    What is one method to start a literature review?

    Use Google Scholar with filters.

    The maximum length of an abstract in academic papers is __________.

    <p>200 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sections of academic papers with their purposes:

    <p>Abstract = Precedes longer academic texts and informs about content Résumé/Summary = Mini version of the text including results Annotation = Describes the work, author, and targeted audience Literature Review = Discusses existing research on the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the general structure of academic papers?

    <p>Personal opinion section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of a research paper's purpose?

    <p>To present research outcomes and the process leading to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of paper would you typically find opinions and ideas presented?

    <p>Opinion Essay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A résumé must include citations and references.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A poster presentation should be overly detailed to ensure thorough understanding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of a SWOT analysis?

    <p>Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A research paper must be _____, reliable, and coherent.

    <p>replicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is recommended when finding a research topic?

    <p>Draw conclusions from multiple sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the research suggestions with their descriptions:

    <p>Question existing results = Critique findings in literature Compare contradictory views = Analyze opposing perspectives Criticize papers for insufficient evidence = Highlight weaknesses in research design Read extensively = Gather a broader understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of a research paper usually includes a literature review.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in a poster presentation?

    <p>References and contact information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of plagiarism?

    <p>Including long sections of text without references</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paraphrasing only requires changing a few words from the original text.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal-agent problem in the context of informational asymmetries?

    <p>It is a situation where one party (the agent) has more information than the other party (the principal), leading to an imbalance in knowledge and decision making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A good research topic should be both interesting and __________.

    <p>developable into a thesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following citation methods with their correct use:

    <p>Direct citation = Use when exact wording is important Paraphrasing = Restate the source in your own words Common knowledge = Does not need citation Quoting = Use quotation marks with a citation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered crucial in topic selection?

    <p>Personal opinion on the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method should NOT be heavily relied upon during a presentation?

    <p>Overly adhering to notes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All widely known facts require citation in academic work.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between descriptive and analytical skills in academic writing?

    <p>Descriptive skills involve stating facts or events, while analytical skills involve interpreting and analyzing data to provide value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Practicing small talks in English is a recommended strategy for non-native speakers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should presenters do to prepare for potential problems during a presentation?

    <p>Be flexible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The audience is not there to judge harshly; some are genuinely interested in the __________.

    <p>presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the component of a presentation with its description:

    <p>Audience Engagement = Interact with the audience Time Management = Stick to the time frame Planning = Carefully rehearse your content Confidence = Be assured and topic-focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of body language in presentations?

    <p>Adapt style to the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a literature review?

    <p>To evaluate and synthesize existing literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A literature review does not have to be organized in a critical manner.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mistakes made during a presentation should discourage a speaker from continuing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a presenter consider to ensure a successful outcome?

    <p>What the desired outcome of the presentation will be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should research papers and theses ensure besides presenting outcomes?

    <p>Reliable and replicable research process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The literature review helps provide a map for academic work by identifying what’s right, ________, inconclusive, and missing.

    <p>wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of a research paper with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Purpose = Comprehensive record of the research process Methodology = The approach taken to conduct the research Conclusion = Summary of research findings Literature Review = Evaluation and synthesis of existing research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important tip for writing in academic style?

    <p>Use definitive statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is common to believe that one is the first to write about a topic, indicating thorough research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to assist in organizing thoughts and ideas during thesis writing?

    <p>Mind maps, graphs, and networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of effective keywords?

    <p>They should include nouns and noun-adjective combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The literature review's purpose is to summarize previous research and identify gaps.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in the introduction of a research paper?

    <p>Being too broad or philosophical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the methodology section is to ensure __________ and transparency.

    <p>replicability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sections with their purposes:

    <p>Introduction = State the problem early Literature Review = Identify gaps in research Methodology = Ensure replicability and transparency Conclusion = Propose future research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is advised for presenting the results in a research paper?

    <p>Use a well-structured chapter with graphical tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Argumentation involves only the delivery component.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one tip for practical writing in academic papers?

    <p>Use concise and clear language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Academic Genres

    • Academic genres include essays, reviews, position papers, policy papers, and fact sheets.
    • Genres are defined by their level of subjectivity and normativity.
    • Consider the purpose of a genre when determining its focus (facts, opinions, persuasion).

    Literature Genres in Social Sciences

    • Some genres are non-normative, focusing on objective facts (e.g., fact sheets, literature reviews).
    • Others are subjective, presenting opinions and arguments (e.g., essays, position papers, book reviews).

    Essay

    • Essays present arguments supported by evidence.
    • Typically 2-3 pages long.
    • They are subjective, offering personal opinions.
    • Structure includes introduction, argumentation, and conclusion.

    Book Review

    • Book reviews assess texts from a personal perspective.
    • The structure includes introduction, summary, author's opinion, and conclusion.

    Review (Academic Peer Review)

    • This type of review analyzes a text, focusing on its features.
    • It includes both objective and subjective judgment and recommendations.

    Policy Paper

    • Policy papers propose or recommend a specific approach or alternative to a policy.
    • It includes an overview of the current situation, purpose statement, recommended options, their evaluation, implementation plan, and conclusion.

    Position Paper

    • Position papers are subjective, outlining an author's view on an issue.
    • Contains introduction, review of the situation/literature, presentation of the author's stance, and conclusion.

    Fact Sheets

    • Concise, objective.
    • Present data using tables, bullet points, or graphs.
    • Self-contained and easy to understand.

    Policy Brief

    • Similar to a fact sheet, but it also includes an informed position on an issue.

    Plagiarism and Work with Sources

    • Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work without proper attribution.
    • This can be intentional or unintentional.
    • Examples include inaccurate referencing, long uncited sections, and using other scholars' graphs or schemas without citing their work.

    Direct Citations

    • Use direct quotes when precise wording is crucial for emphasis.

    Paraphrasing

    • Restate information in your own words, not just changing a few words.
    • Place source material aside while writing paraphrase.
    • Use quotation marks and citations if including author's words.

    Common Knowledge

    • Widely known facts don't need citations.

    Critical Thinking in Academic Work

    • Descriptive skills focus on factual accounts; analytical skills involve reasoning and interpretation.
    • Value added means making significant contributions to the academic field.

    Topic Selection

    • Interesting and relatable issues are suitable starting points for topic selection.
    • Assess if a topic can be developed into a thesis.

    Mixed Remarks on Topic Selection

    • Relevance and significance of the topic;
    • Methodology and scope of research (number of cases and timeframe) are important factors in selecting a suitable topic.

    How to Find a Research Topic

    • Analyze existing research and/or compare differing viewpoints in the field.
    • Critique existing literature regarding evidence and conclusions.

    Research Paper

    • Present research outcomes and the process leading to them.
    • A research paper must be replicable and easy to understand, with clearly outlined methods and traceable outcomes.
    • Outline of the structure includes: introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion.

    Poster

    • Condense research or research plans for conferences, presentations, and other settings.
    • Posters should utilize graphs, tables and/or pictures to ensure readability and comprehension.

    SWOT Analysis

    • Structured analysis tool that considers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for assessment of an issue or situation.

    Literature Review

    • Summarizes existing literature in an organized and critical manner.
    • It provides context and avoids merely repeating previously published works.

    Academic Paper Structure

    • Titles, summaries, keywords, introduction, literature review, data and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and list of sources are typical parts of the academic paper structure.
    • Abstracts are often included in longer papers, briefly summarizing the work.
    • Résumés/summaries usually consist of a longer overview of academic texts, akin to extended abstracts.
    • Annotations provide contextual information for longer works (books), describing the works, authors, and target audiences.

    Keywords, Content, and Annexes

    • Keywords: Indicate text/issue focus for searches and finding related information (typically 3-6).
    • Content: Presents key details from the text in a structured way, usually 3 levels.
    • Annexes: Supplementary materials used in the research (figures, tables, charts), potentially included at the end.

    Introduction

    • Clearly states the problem or issue, avoiding broad or philosophical arguments.
    • Includes references to relevant literature.
    • Presents a clear objective of the work.

    Theory

    • Explain and predict actor behavior.
    • Systematize knowledge.
    • Help formulate research questions.

    Methodology

    • Explains research methods clearly and concisely.
    • Helps ensure reproducibility.

    Results/Analysis/Discussion

    • Presents results in a structured way, using graphical tools (tables, charts).
    • Clear, concise presentation is important.
    • Summarization of results at the end.

    Conclusions

    • Restate the answers to your research questions in a logical order to avoid repetition.
    • Briefly explain research methodology.
    • Propose recommendations for future research.

    Argumentation

    • Includes the context, substance, and delivery of an argument.
    • Clear claims, explanations with reasoning, and associated evidence.

    Critical Reading

    • Evaluate the argument's strength and supporting evidence.
    • Analyze the source, audience, underlying values and assumptions, and the evidence.
    • Connect the argument to broader political implications.
    • Evaluate the conclusion and reasoning.

    Speaking and Presenting

    • Preparation tips, audience awareness, and effective delivery techniques are important.
    • Remember audience, prepare for questions, ensure clear intent and effective delivery.

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of essential academic writing concepts, including the structure of research papers, literature reviews, and presentation techniques. It explores various methods for starting a literature review and the significance of different sections of academic papers. Assess your understanding of research methodologies and writing guidelines.

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