Abnormal Psychology Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

If an individual displays non-conforming behaviors yet maintains personal comfort and social non-interference, which aspect of 'normalcy' is primarily upheld?

  • Personal Discomfort (correct)
  • Norm-Violation
  • Social Conformity
  • Statistical Rarity

In the context of Axis IV from the DSM-IV, which factors are considered to understand the complete clinical picture of a patient?

  • Psychosocial & Environmental Problems (correct)
  • General Medical Conditions
  • Developmental Disorders
  • Clinical Disorders

Which fundamental aspect of defining a 'psychological disorder' considers departure not merely from societal averages, but also from an individual's typical behavioral patterns?

  • Atypical or Not Culturally Expected (Deviance) (correct)
  • Distress or Impairment
  • Psychological Dysfunction
  • Dangerousness

A researcher aims to study the rate of new occurrences of a specific disorder within a population over a defined period. Which epidemiological measure are they primarily investigating?

<p>Incidence (D)</p>
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The 'proband' in family studies is strictly defined as the initial family member diagnosed with a genetic disorder following laboratory confirmation.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In the multivariate landscape of psychological disorder etiology, what consideration acknowledges the reciprocal influences between genes and environmental exposures?

<p>Reciprocal Gene-Environment Model (B)</p>
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What is the MOST accurate reason as to why Twin Studies are considered invaluable for elucidating genetic contributions to psychological disorders?

<p>They can determine how genetic makeup affects individual differences in the expression of the disorder. (C)</p>
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What neuroanatomical structure primarily modulates movements based on sensory input?

<p>Midbrain (C)</p>
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Heightened activity within the HPA axis results in the general circulation of what hormone?

<p>Cortisol (B)</p>
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In the context of classical conditioning, what exemplifies a conditioned stimulus?

<p>A newly conditioned event introduced by the conditioned response. (D)</p>
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Which cognitive mechanism underpins the phenomenon in which a stimulus elicits a response indicative of fury dogs because of once attacked?

<p>Stimulus Generalization (C)</p>
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According to cognitive constructs, attributing blame for adverse occurrences to internal failings and expecting these failings to persist across various life domains reflects which attribution?

<p>Global (C)</p>
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Within treatment modalities, if the patient shows the negative trait, how do you classify an Ego-centered trait that will cause this person to act against their goals?

<p>Ego-Dystonic (C)</p>
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In understanding the relationship between stress and the body's response, if the body's defense resources are exhausted, what phase of the General Adaption to Stress Theory applies?

<p>Exhaustion (A)</p>
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What type of memory loss is caused by psychological trauma and has a rare psychological origin?

<p>Situation-Specific (B)</p>
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If a drug effectively increased the activity of the neurotransmitters, how would it be classified?

<p>Agonist (B)</p>
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Disturbances inevitably arise from a singular genetic predisposition.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which action from the choices is the most likely to be classified under the umbrella of death darers who ambivalently show their intention to die?

<p>Participating in risky behaviour (D)</p>
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If the patient is irrationally afraid of a specific object or situation, and markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function, how is it classified?

<p>Specific Phobia (C)</p>
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Which disorder's diagnosis requires presence after prolonged attachment figure?

<p>Seperation Anxiety Disorder (A)</p>
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Which aspect, when absent, will be classified as having more than a month of adjustment disorder and possible further trauma?

<p>Identifiable stressors (D)</p>
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Which rare childhood disorder is characterized by lack of speech in a setting or time when communicating is socially expected?

<p>Selective Mutism (C)</p>
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What differentiates trichotillomania from typical methods of grooming?

<p>Not performing for personal cosmetic reasons (D)</p>
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If a patient is aware of underlying physical illness are not held with delusional intensity, and the psychological factors are affecting other medical conditions, how should it be classified?

<p>Somatic Symptom Disorder (B)</p>
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How must one express the rare disorder that is Dissociative Fugue in order to classify as such?

<p>No true neurocognitive deficts. (B)</p>
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What criteria must a patient's symptom express in order to rule out any other disorder but be diagnosed as Hypersomnolence?

<p>7 hours of consistent sleep (A)</p>
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Persistent and recurrent pattern of sleep disruption due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the endogenous circadian is how classified?

<p>Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder (D)</p>
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Which disorder may be present if a client cannot retain their thought patterns?

<p>Schizophrenia (B)</p>
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In order to classify that a patient has alcohol dependancy symptoms, what must be stated before in the process?

<p>Alcohol abuse (B)</p>
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What treatment could be used for Alcoholism but can cause violent reactions?

<p>Disulfiram (A)</p>
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If the clients are consistently blaming others for their mistakes, how is it defined for Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

<p>Defiance (D)</p>
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What must be performed and tested in order to classify someone with Intellectual Disability?

<p>Adaptive functional (C)</p>
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How is the person classified if they are only showing symptoms in a restricted enviroment where social queues matter?

<p>Restricted (B)</p>
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If the body parts become more sensative to outside influences within others reach, the person is in their last stage of what?

<p>Mania (A)</p>
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In order to classify the condition of an Eating disorder, what must not be found or cannot be biologically done?

<p>Negated abnormalities found (A)</p>
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What form does a patient who goes through trauma will come into contact with after a period of time?

<p>Dissorder (B)</p>
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According to cognitive style structures, most people who think illogical usually will be in self ______________?

<p>Defeating (B)</p>
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If a patient is at a fork in the road about the life they want, then what would be defined as,?

<p>The first reaction (D)</p>
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If there are at least 4 symptoms must what is the most likely case in menstrual?

<p>PMDD (C)</p>
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Flashcards

Psychological Disorder

Psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment, not typical or culturally expected.

Psychological Dysfunction

Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning; interferes with daily life.

Distress or Impairment

Individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly, to self or to others.

Atypical or Not Culturally Expected (Deviance)

Behavior deviates from the average / norm of the culture or from the person's usual behavior.

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Dangerousness

Behavior creates potential harm to self (suicidal gestures) or others (excessive aggression).

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Psychopathology

Study of mental disorders

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Clinical Psychology

Branch of psychology that understands, assesses, and treats psychological conditions in a clinical setting.

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Abnormal Psychology

Studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition.

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Clinical Assessment

Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors.

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Diagnosis

Process of determining if the problem meets all criteria for a psychological disorder.

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Epidemiology

Study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors.

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Prevalence

Number of active cases in a population during a given period.

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Point Prevalence

Proportion of actual active cases at a given point in time.

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1 Year Prevalence

Everyone who experienced depression at any point in time throughout the entire year

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Lifetime Prevalence

Estimate number of people who have had a particular disorder at any time in their lives.

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Incidence

Number of new cases occur over a given period of time.

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Sign

Manifestation of disease that the physicians receive.

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Symptom

Subjective representation of the complaints of the patient.

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Syndrome

Group of symptoms that occur together more often by chance.

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Multidimensional

Looking for a systemic cause.

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Genes

Long molecules of DNA at various locations on chromosomes, within the cell nucleus

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Chromosomes

Chain-like structures within a cell nucleus that contain genes.

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Phenotypes

Observable characteristics.

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Genotypes

Unique genetic markup.

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Polymorphisms

Naturally occurring variations of genes.

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Endophenotypes

Genetic mechanisms that contribute to underlying problems.

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Basic Genetic Epidemiology

Statistical data of family, twin, and adoption studies.

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Advanced Genetic Epidemiology

Factors that influence the disorder.

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Gene Finding

What gene influences the behavior

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Molecular Genetics

Biological analysis of DNA samples, biological processes genes affect

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Family Studies

Examine behavioral pattern in the context of the family.

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Proband

Family member with the trait, First in the family possibly having genetic disorder.

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Adoption Studies

Identify adoptees who have a particular disorder, locate first-degree relatives who were separately raised.

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Synapse

A tiny fluid-filled space between the axon endings of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron

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Agonist

Effectively increase the activity of the neurotransmitters.

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Antagonist

Decrease or block neurotransmitter.

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Inverse Agonists

Produces effects opposite neurotransmitters.

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Reuptake

Released neurotransmitter is broken down and brought back to the synaptic cleft.

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Hormones

Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands in the body.

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Glutamate (E)

Most abundant in the brain and plays a big role in thinking, learning, and memory

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