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Which novel is most famously associated with Samuel Richardson?
Which novel is most famously associated with Samuel Richardson?
Which novel did Henry Fielding write as a parody in response to Richardson's 'Pamela'?
Which novel did Henry Fielding write as a parody in response to Richardson's 'Pamela'?
What is a key characteristic of Gothic novels?
What is a key characteristic of Gothic novels?
Which author is considered the first Gothic novelist?
Which author is considered the first Gothic novelist?
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Which of the following novels was written by Tobias Smollett?
Which of the following novels was written by Tobias Smollett?
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What theme does the novel 'The Vicar of Wakefield' chiefly explore?
What theme does the novel 'The Vicar of Wakefield' chiefly explore?
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Which of the following novels is known for its epistolary format?
Which of the following novels is known for its epistolary format?
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What common characteristic does sentimental novels, such as 'Pamela', typically exhibit?
What common characteristic does sentimental novels, such as 'Pamela', typically exhibit?
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What defines the narrative style of the emerging novel in the 18th century?
What defines the narrative style of the emerging novel in the 18th century?
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Who is known for combining satire with fiction in his seminal work 'Gulliver's Travels'?
Who is known for combining satire with fiction in his seminal work 'Gulliver's Travels'?
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Which author is known for blending real-life experiences with fictional elements in their writing?
Which author is known for blending real-life experiences with fictional elements in their writing?
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Which of the following statements about Bunyan's 'Pilgrim’s Progress' is true?
Which of the following statements about Bunyan's 'Pilgrim’s Progress' is true?
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What significant change in literature occurred during the 18th century regarding the novel?
What significant change in literature occurred during the 18th century regarding the novel?
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Which of the following authors is associated with writing novels inspired by French romances?
Which of the following authors is associated with writing novels inspired by French romances?
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Which of the following novels was written by Charlotte Lennox?
Which of the following novels was written by Charlotte Lennox?
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What did Daniel Defoe's stories primarily represent?
What did Daniel Defoe's stories primarily represent?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with the early novel form as described?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the early novel form as described?
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What is a common feature of the novels written by Frances Burney?
What is a common feature of the novels written by Frances Burney?
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What does the term 'novel' signify in its original context?
What does the term 'novel' signify in its original context?
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Which of the following poets is known for the poem 'An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard'?
Which of the following poets is known for the poem 'An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard'?
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What is a defining characteristic of the Graveyard School of poetry?
What is a defining characteristic of the Graveyard School of poetry?
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Which of the following works is attributed to Edward Young?
Which of the following works is attributed to Edward Young?
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Which poet is commonly associated with the term 'Ploughman Poet'?
Which poet is commonly associated with the term 'Ploughman Poet'?
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What period is referred to as the Transitional period in poetry?
What period is referred to as the Transitional period in poetry?
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Which poem did James Thomson write that consists of a series of four poems centered on nature?
Which poem did James Thomson write that consists of a series of four poems centered on nature?
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How did the Graveyard School of poetry influence literature?
How did the Graveyard School of poetry influence literature?
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Which poet is NOT mentioned as a key figure of Transitional Poetry?
Which poet is NOT mentioned as a key figure of Transitional Poetry?
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What thematic focus marked the poems of the Transitional period?
What thematic focus marked the poems of the Transitional period?
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Which of the following is a defining feature of the Graveyard School's style?
Which of the following is a defining feature of the Graveyard School's style?
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Which author is known for a novel that combines travel memoir with narrative style?
Which author is known for a novel that combines travel memoir with narrative style?
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Which novel by Ann Radcliffe is recognized as a major work in the Gothic genre?
Which novel by Ann Radcliffe is recognized as a major work in the Gothic genre?
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What theme is prevalent in sentimental novels such as 'Pamela'?
What theme is prevalent in sentimental novels such as 'Pamela'?
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Which characteristic best defines the works of Tobias Smollett?
Which characteristic best defines the works of Tobias Smollett?
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What aspect of Gothic novels particularly appealed to women novelists in the 18th century?
What aspect of Gothic novels particularly appealed to women novelists in the 18th century?
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Which of the following writers is considered a precursor to the modern novel?
Which of the following writers is considered a precursor to the modern novel?
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What does the emergence of the novel during the 18th century signify?
What does the emergence of the novel during the 18th century signify?
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Which female novelist is known for writing 'The Female Quixote'?
Which female novelist is known for writing 'The Female Quixote'?
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In what way did Daniel Defoe's writings contribute to the genre of the novel?
In what way did Daniel Defoe's writings contribute to the genre of the novel?
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What narrative quality is primarily associated with the new form of fiction emerging in the 18th century?
What narrative quality is primarily associated with the new form of fiction emerging in the 18th century?
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What was the primary characteristic of the new form of fiction that emerged in the 18th century?
What was the primary characteristic of the new form of fiction that emerged in the 18th century?
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Which author is recognized as a significant precursor to the modern novel for their realistic portrayal of characters?
Which author is recognized as a significant precursor to the modern novel for their realistic portrayal of characters?
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What does the term 'novel' specifically mean in the context of literary genres?
What does the term 'novel' specifically mean in the context of literary genres?
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Which of the following authors wrote a parody of Cervantes' 'Don Quixote'?
Which of the following authors wrote a parody of Cervantes' 'Don Quixote'?
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What element did Bunyan's 'Pilgrim’s Progress' introduce to the literary form that was different from previously used methods?
What element did Bunyan's 'Pilgrim’s Progress' introduce to the literary form that was different from previously used methods?
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What type of novels did Samuel Richardson primarily write?
What type of novels did Samuel Richardson primarily write?
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What narrative style is used in 'The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling' by Henry Fielding?
What narrative style is used in 'The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling' by Henry Fielding?
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Which author is recognized for using humor and satire in their novels?
Which author is recognized for using humor and satire in their novels?
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What is a significant characteristic of the Gothic novel as defined in the content?
What is a significant characteristic of the Gothic novel as defined in the content?
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Which novel is considered the first Gothic novel?
Which novel is considered the first Gothic novel?
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Which work by Mary Shelley is a classic of the Gothic genre?
Which work by Mary Shelley is a classic of the Gothic genre?
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What theme is predominantly reflected in the character of Mr. Charles Primrose in 'The Vicar of Wakefield'?
What theme is predominantly reflected in the character of Mr. Charles Primrose in 'The Vicar of Wakefield'?
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What type of writing does the term 'Sentimental Novel' refer to?
What type of writing does the term 'Sentimental Novel' refer to?
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Which author is known for their role in establishing the genre of travel writing during the 18th century?
Which author is known for their role in establishing the genre of travel writing during the 18th century?
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How did the romantic revival influence literature in the late 18th century?
How did the romantic revival influence literature in the late 18th century?
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Study Notes
18th Century English Literature: Novel, Gothic, and Transitional Poetry
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Novel:
- Emerged as a new prose narrative form in the 18th century, distinct from earlier, more poetic forms.
- Characterized by simple, straightforward, unrhythmic storytelling blending real and fictional elements, often with scientific undertones.
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Forerunners:
- Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress introduced realistic characters and relatable experiences, departing from allegory.
- Early prose narratives had a poetic style; "University Wits" wrote lengthy moral essays, but no blend of fact and fiction in simple prose existed before. Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko is a precursor but only a start. The novel form that became popular was entirely unpoetic and centered on real people and experiences.
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Early Female Novelists:
- Mrs. Charlotte Lennox, The Female Quixote
- Frances Burney, Evelina, Cecilia, Camilla, The Wanderer— inspired by French romances, retaining poetic elements.
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Key Contributors:
- Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe, Captain Singleton, A Journal of the Plague Year, Colonel Jack, Moll Flanders, Roxana): Focused on real-world individuals and events, adding imaginative elements to generate curiosity
- Jonathan Swift (Gulliver's Travels): A satirical novel.
- Samuel Richardson (Pamela, Clarissa, Sir Charles Grandison): Notable for Pamela, an epistolary novel—considered an early example of the "sentimental novel" or "novel of sensibility".
- Henry Fielding (Tom Jones, Shamela, Joseph Andrews): Utilized humor and satire, responding with parody to Richardson's works.
- Tobias Smollett (Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle, Humphry Clinker)—wrote picaresque novels.
- Laurence Sterne (Tristram Shandy, Sentimental Journey): Introduced the travel memoir novel.
- Oliver Goldsmith (The Vicar of Wakefield): A popular sentimental novel.
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Emerging Sub-genre:
- The "Sentimental Novel" emerged, emphasizing emotions and compassion. Its subgenre "Novel of Sensibility" explored empathy for characters and circumstances. Pamela was an early example.
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Gothic Novel:
- Originated in the late 18th century reacting against the Enlightenment's focus on reason.
- Characterized by:
- Medieval settings
- Superstition
- Haunting castles
- Mysteries
- Psychological insights into characters, often showcasing a hero defending a heroine.
- Supernatural elements like ghosts, monsters, and vampires.
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Early Gothic Novelists:
- Horace Walpole (The Castle of Otranto): Often considered the first Gothic novel.
- William Beckford (Vathek)
- Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Italian, The Romance of the Forest)
- Matthew Lewis (The Monk)
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Later Gothic Novelists:
- Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)— Considered the first science fiction novel.
- Edgar Allan Poe (The Fall of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum)
- Emily Brontë (Wuthering Heights)
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Transitional Poets:
- Marked the shift from the Augustan Age to Romanticism.
- Emphasized personal experiences, emotions, and imagination, moving away from classical and didactic forms.
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Key Transitional Poets:
- Edward Young (Night Thoughts, The Last Day): Advocated originality.
- James Thomson (The Seasons, The Castle of Indolence), focused on nature.
- Thomas Gray (An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard): Explored mortality.
- William Blake (Poetical Sketches, Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience): Known for symbolic and visionary works.
- Robert Burns ("Tam O'Shanter"): Scottish poet, narrative poems and folk traditions.
- William Cowper (Table Talk, The Task, The Castaway): Reflective, emotive works.
- George Crabbe (The Village): Focused on rural life, often with social commentary.
- Oliver Goldsmith (The Deserted Village): Depicted rural life's plight during urbanization.
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Graveyard School of Poetry:
- Flourished between the 1740s and 1770s.
- Characterized by melancholy, death, and the afterlife as central themes.
- Employed symbolism, imagery, and personification.
- Key Features:
- Melancholy and mortality
- Focus on death, decay, and the afterlife
- Use of symbolism, imagery, and personification
- Emphasis on sorrow and nostalgia
- Elegiac or meditative styles
- Important Influences:
- Shaped Romantic poetry, Gothic, horror, symbolism, and modernism. Influenced American and European literature.
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Description
Explore the emergence of the novel in the 18th century, highlighting key contributors like Defoe, Swift, and Richardson. This quiz covers the transition from allegorical to realistic storytelling and the impact of early female novelists. Test your knowledge on this pivotal literary period.
